Suchergebnisse

Scott estabelece, através deste artigo, uma discussão sobre os conceitos de igualdade e diferença, do gênero, das identidades individuais e de grupo, enfatizando a necessidade de historicidade do tema dentro da sociedade contemporânea. O artigo trata também de questões que envolvem as políticas de ação afirmativa, diferenças de gênero e raça no mundo do trabalho ou acesso de minorias a universidades. Scott argumenta que a questão da igualdade precisa ser entendida em termos de paradoxo.

O texto analisa o debate feminista sobre a representação política das mulheres a partir das lutas feministas pela paridade na década de 90 na França. Mostra como francesas/es e norte-americanas/os percebem de forma estereotipada posições teóricas e práticas feministas de ambos os países, e usam estes estereótipos como argumentos pró ou contra a luta pela paridade. Comparando o debate contemporâneo com debates históricos que remontam ao início da República na França, em torno da exclusão das mulheres da representação política, a autora centra seu olhar sobre duas grandes correntes, a do movimento pela paridade e a de seus diferentes críticos -- entre eles, um grupo significativo de teóricas/os feministas contemporâneas/os (algumas/ns identificadas/os com a esquerda e outras/os com pensamento liberal) -- mostrando como ambas utilizam-se de argumentos que remetem a oposições como "igualdade/diferença", "comunitarismo/universalidade"

Geoff Eley's and Keith Nield's essay is marked by a tension
between a desire to update the old social history by detaching it from its
materialist assumptions on the one hand and a commitment to continue writing
narratives of working-class political agency on the other. By insisting that
class is still the best way of analyzing inequality and mobilizing resistance to
it, the authors foreclose other possibilities for thinking about contemporary
politics and for writing critical history. They do not ask the questions that
need to be asked, which are, What are the operative political categories capable
of moving masses of people into agency? and, What terms might be used to
represent inequalities of distribution? These questions don't exclude class
but they don't require it either; they also allow for a more open and
probing approach than is offered by Eley and Nield.

This article, a reaction to French scholarly polemics against American feminism, American national identity, and American imperialism, argues that such polemics are not actually about American culture or politics, but are a reaction against a particular version of French feminism, and a commentary about French ideals of republicanism, universal citizenship, and French national identity. It is furthermore argued that these criticisms of American feminism, culture, and politics are indirectly striking out against a growing political movement in France, led by an unusual alliance of women whose careers have been made in political parties, elective office, and government service-an alliance known as the parity movement. Prior to a description of the parity movement and the debates it has unleashed, this article puts the concern about feminism in a much larger French context, in which there is a crisis in the status of republicanism, both as universalist political theory and as governmental practice. The issue of difference looms large in this crisis, and cherished notions of a distinctive French identity and an assimilationist culture are seen as endangered by seemingly non-conformist expressions of particular religious, ethnic, and cultural beliefs. 25 References. T. K. Brown

Discusses the growth in France since 1992 of the "Parity Movement" which demands numerically equal representation of women and men in decision-making bodies, particularly those that are publicly elected; some focus on harsh criticism by French intellectuals and journalists of both this movement and the feminist movement in the US.

Reflects on the terms of the contemporary debate over multiculturalism in the US, paying particular attention to notions of identity that inform positions in this conversation. In the pluralist position, identity is understood as a fixed set of customs, traditions, traits, & experiences. This construal of identity ends in assigning difference to minority groups as a preexisting fact, rather than in interrogating the process by which that difference is constructed. It is shown that positions both for & against multiculturalism have been developed on the basis of this understanding: against multiculturalism on the basis of a shared US heritage, or for multiculturalism on the basis of the unique traditions/experiences of minority groups. An alternative notion of identity as unstable is advanced to counter the pluralist conventional wisdom. From this perspective, arguments about multiculturalism would hinge on understandings of the historical process by which identities have been & continue to be constructed. D. Smith