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Moskos' hypothesis of change in military organization and orientation from an institutional to an occupational model has stimulated a great deal of policy concern and research. Its major components, however, have not been effectively measured, nor its assumption of linear change over time tested. This paper places Moskos' concerns in the context of broader theories of social change and reviews the attempts that have been made at theoretical specification and measurement. Based upon the existing research, it recommends an alternate formulation"pragmatic professionalism"that subsumes both the institutional and occupational dimensions. A research agenda that uses several kinds of data is suggested to monitor changing military organization and values.

Charles C. Moskos's hypothesis (see SA 26:3/78J3470, & abstract of current article in this section) of change in military organization & orientation, from an institutional to an occupational model, has stimulated a great deal of policy concern & research. Its major components, however, have not been effectively measured, nor its assumption of linear change over time tested. Moskos's concerns are placed in the context of broader theories of social change, & attempts that have been made at theoretical specification & measurement are reviewed. Based on the existing research, an alternative formulation -- "pragmatic professionalism" -- is recommended; it subsumes both the institutional & occupational dimensions. A research agenda that uses several kinds of data is suggested to monitor changing military organization & values. Modified HA

Die Arbeit befaßt sich mit Einstellungen gegenüber dem Militärdienst in einer Freiwilligenarmee und mit Entwicklungstendenzen solcher Einstellungen. Verglichen wird dabei das militärische Personal und die Zivilbevölkerung, besonders die Zivilisten, die altersmäßig für den Militärdienst infrage kommen. Ferner werden die Konsequenzen dieser Einstellungen für künftige personalpolitische Entscheidungen diskutiert, die sich auf das Militär beziehen. Insbesondere wird die Frage behandelt, ob und in welchem Ausmaß die Art des Militärdienstes in den Vereinigten Staaten umdefiniert worden ist, welche Implikationen eine solche Umdefinition für die Einstellungen der Soldaten hat und welche Möglichkeiten es zur Einrichtung alternativer Modelle des Militärdienstes gibt. (RW2)