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Carbon is the most well-known black material in the history of man. Throughout the centuries, carbon has been used as a black material for paintings, camouflage, and optics. Although, the techniques to make other black surfaces have evolved and become more sophisticated with time, carbon still remains one of the best black materials. Another well-known black surface is black silicon, reflecting less than 0.5% of incident light in visible spectral range but becomes a highly reflecting surface in wavelengths above 1000 nm. On the other hand, carbon absorbs at those and longer wavelengths. Thus, it is possible to combine black silicon with carbon to create an artificial material with very low reflectivity over a wide spectral range. Here we report our results on coating conformally black silicon substrate with amorphous pyrolytic carbon. We present a superior black surface with reflectance of light less than 0.5% in the spectral range of 350 nm to 2000 nm. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 604391 Graphene Flagship, NP-Nano FiDiPro-project by the Finnish Funding agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES), Academy of Finland project no. 287886. AS and HL acknowledge the support from Aalto Energy Efficiency project Moppi. Support from the US National Science Foundation is also acknowledged through the CIAN ERC. ; This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.

AbstractThe objective of this research is to explore national institutional arrangements for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), describe the roles of different stakeholders in SDG implementation, and identify where gaps may lie at national and regional level. This paper analysed initiatives taken by seven South Asian countries towards implementing the health‐related SDGs thus far. The analysis for the paper is based on the findings of a research project on 'Research Institutions and the Health SDGs: Building Momentum in South Asia' conducted in seven South Asian countries led by Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Pakistan and study conducted by country research teams in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The extent to which SDGs have been localized and implemented varies across the South Asian countries. While, Bangladesh and Bhutan have initiated the adoption of SDGs with development plans and programs, others have established national level institutional structures and coordination channels. An overarching concern is inadequate ownership of the SDGs by the sub‐national governments for implementation and coordination. The level of engagement of non‐state stakeholders such as non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), civil society, think tanks, research institutes, academia, and media, however, varies across countries. This engagement ranges from raising awareness, to consultations, membership in committees, and planning and policymaking.

The maintenance of university hostels is found to be unsatisfactory due to budget constraint in general. Hence, the purpose of this study is to find out a solution to improve the building maintenance and students' satisfaction within the budget allocation. The development of maintenance prioritisation framework through the association between conditions of building components and students' satisfaction is done to achieve the purpose of this research. Seven main building components were listed after a thorough literature review. Then, a total of 415 valid questionnaire responses were analysed to measure the conditions of building components and to establish the relationship between the conditions of building components and students' satisfaction. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were carried out to validate and further interpret the survey findings. The research findings confirmed that utilities and floor as the significant building components to be prioritised in maintenance. It is worthwhile to be served as a guide to other university hostels. Furthermore, it opens a research opportunity to cover other institution hostels. This research is informative to the university hostel managements in efforts to improve the maintenance efficiency within limited budget. This study proposes a solution to tackle the maintenance issues in university hostels.