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AbstractCivil disobedience is a conscientious, unlawful, and broadly nonviolent form of protest, which most political philosophers and many non-philosophers are inclined to treat as potentially defensible in democratic societies. In recent years, philosophers have become more receptive to long-standing complaints from activists that civil disobedience is an unduly restrictive framework for considering the ethics of dissent. Candice Delmas and Jason Brennan have written important books that illustrate and strengthen this trend, both defending forms of "uncivil" resistance that go beyond the narrow confines of civil disobedience. Their books offer contrasting but complementary philosophical defences of incivility as a tactic of resistance, but it is nonetheless a mistake to conclude that the rich tradition associated with civil disobedience no longer has any relevance for resistance in national, transnational, and global contexts.

Purpose
This paper aims to raise awareness of a potential planning pitfall and provide recommendations on how to assess and improve upon current practices. In potential conflict areas, such as the Korean Theater of Operations (KTO), military forces are required to store a portion of their ammunition combat load within depots and ammunition supply points under the control of a servicing ammunition company. This necessitates a lengthy retrieval process, as the ammunition company does not have enough resources to serve all customers simultaneously.


Design/methodology/approach
The stored combat load (SCL) retrieval process is modeled as a parallel machine scheduling problem and simulated using synthetic requirements. The current system of retrieval is contrasted against a proposed alternate system through a series of simulations scaled across three factors: number of ammunition company Soldiers, number of customer units and number of magazines.


Findings
The proposed alternate system demonstrates a significant potential for reducing the makespan of the SCL retrieval process when more than half of the magazines store SCL for multiple customers and there are more than five customers per Soldier.


Originality/value
Transitioning military units from a peacetime standing to full combat readiness as quickly as possible is of immense value within the KTO and other hostile areas with established troops not actively engaged in combat.

Abstract
Protest policing is increasingly characterized by an escalation in the use of preventive measures, reflected in the global diffusion of a cluster of tactics that are geared toward enhancing police control over protest. This paper presents an interpretation of the right to protest that includes a moral claim against such efforts at prevention, while also envisaging a number of circumstances where such a claim might be legitimately overridden. It goes on to contend that, even in such circumstances, the preventive tactics employed by police must satisfy stringent tests of proportionality, liability, and necessity. The paper concludes by calling for a return to a reformulated version of the so-called "negotiated management" approach that emerged during the 1980s and 1990s.

Abstract:Civil disobedience has been theorised as an informal guardian of the constitution in democratic societies, but such accounts struggle to accommodate protest that has an international or global dimension. This article addresses this issue through offering a theory of civil disobedience as transnational disruption. Civil disobedience is 'transnational' insofar as it is an appeal to a national, international or global public that highlights failures to observe moral, political or legal values that are an appropriate source of normative authority in global contexts. Civil disobedience is 'disruptive' insofar as it obstructs the routine activities of relevant parties in order to draw attention to the demands of protesters. The core argument is that civil disobedience can uphold normative standards that have been incorporated into a dense network of treaties, conventions and global regulatory frameworks. It can thus make a modest but valuable contribution to the processes through which publics deliberate about the meaning and interpretation of these contested norms.

Liberia has the lowest level of electrification in the world. Due to the severe under-provision of public electricity, private suppliers have started to fill the gap. One such provider is the Liberian Energy Network (LEN), which imports and distributes solar lights. This study examines the impact of LEN's solar lights on the individual welfare and fishing productivity of Liberian fishermen. Employing a randomized controlled trial of 90 fishermen over seven weeks in Monrovia, Liberia, it finds that access to solar lights not only significantly increases participants' security but also enables their children to study at night. The effect of the lights on fishing productivity was inconclusive (pending additional research), but the study does report important information about fishing equipment, methods, and productivity that will inform future fisheries research in Liberia. The final part of the study analyzes the barriers to access to solar lights in Liberia. It finds that one of the most significant barriers to access is the high import tariff on solar technology imposed by the government of Liberia. Given the experiment's robust findings on the positive effects of solar technology on individual welfare in a country with little electricity, the study concludes that Liberia would benefit from reducing the import tariff and creating a more open energy sector.

This article evaluates mini-publics as a potential means of realizing deliberative democratic values in transnational contexts. A mini-public is a group of citizens that is chosen by random or near-random selection to debate matters of public concern in a suitably structured deliberative environment. The argument of the article is that mini-publics can be an important deliberative resource, but only as supplements to rather than replacements for alternative means of reforming transnational institutions. These forums can be used to prefigure transnational publics, but entrenched institutional assumptions about the delineation and definition of these publics must be subject to critical scrutiny by other elements of a transnational deliberative system. This argument is developed through a critical engagement with the literature on mini-publics, an analysis of a prominent example of a transnational mini-public, and a defense of the role of civil society as a resource for counteracting the shortcomings of mini-publics.

"Cosmopolitanism" published on by Oxford University Press.

Civil disobedience is a public, non-violent and conscientious infringement of law carried out to express opposition to law and policy. The normative literature provides thorough treatments of several key issues related to the post-arrest treatment of civilly disobedient citizens, such as the propriety of imposing various types of legal sanction. An important issue that has received rather less consideration, though, is the matter of how police forces should react to civil disobedience prior to and during its commission. This article aims to encourage reflection on this issue by sketching a normative framework to orientate moral evaluation of the ways in which liberal democratic societies police civilly disobedient protest. The central argument is that the police should, wherever possible, adopt a strategy of 'negotiated accommodation' towards civil disobedience. The core requirement of this strategy is that police officers should attempt to engage in dialogue with protest groups before or during their civil disobedience actions. This dialogue must be underpinned by a conscientious and sincere commitment on the part of officers to balance the traditional goals of public order policing with the good of accommodating civil disobedience. The article contrasts the idea of negotiated accommodation with alternative strategies for policing civil disobedience, illustrates its practical implications through considering various examples, and defends it against important objections.