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The Covid-19 pandemic has cost human lives and threaten the world's economy. Responding to this unprecedented history, governments are expected to take both public health and economic recovery actions. This article conveys analysis on how Indonesian courts might examine government tort cases on the government's liability in handling the pandemic. A normative juridical method is used to analyze primary and secondary legal sources. The writer finds that with the enactment of Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, a government concrete action is also an object to suing government before the state administrative court. Furthermore, the recent Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2019 on Guidance Dispute Settlement Mechanism of Government Action and Competence to Adjudicate Government Tort governs that the state administrative court is the only court that has competence over government tort. As a result, claims of government tort submitted to the general court must be dismissed. In fact, this recent development created confusion on the side of justice seekers and judges as well that might affect the outcome of Covid-19 government tort claims. Studying previous government tort cases and focusing its exploration on the development of government immunity and liability, this article finds that Indonesian courts use Article 1365 Civil Code equipped with laws and regulations in administrative governance and specific fields legal frameworks to examine government tort cases. Even though such laws may state that the government may not be sued, the courts may use the Constitution of 1945 to establish a right to sue. During the Covid-19 pandemic, laws and regulations related to disaster and public health management along with the public interest principle must be examined to determine government tort.

To overcome the problem of the limited supply of process water because of its dependence on groundwater due to reducing its discharge, stricting provision of government permits in the depthening of bore wells and increasing the cost of retribution for extracting groundwater, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the possibility of recycling waste water from the preparation textile process namely Relaxing-Desizing-Scouring (simultaneous), in order to be reused as water for similar process and moreover for dyeing process possibility. The method was coagulation-floculation with Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) with concentration variation of PAC 0.5; 0.7; 0.9; 1.1; 1.3; 1.5 (g/l) analyzed, in condition pH 8 where larger floc size is produced at pH 7-9 (Taki Chemical Co.LTD, 1992), and continuing with testing COD, BOD, pH, total hardness, total suspended solid (TSS), chloride levels, and turbidity. In this study, the optimum PAC concentration was obtained, which was 1.3 g / l to meet the requirement. The further process was conducted both Relaxing-Desizing-Scouring (simultaneous) and dyeing by using water after treatment, before treatment and waterground from factory to be compared their results. And to determine the success of the water treatment, tests for weight reduction, white degrees and color differences were carried out. Keywords: Coagulation-Floculation, recycling, waste water, Poly Aluminium Chloride

Money Politics often occurs before general elections, this happens because of weak law enforcement and oversight of political activities. This research is about the forms of political money in the ongoing elections and how to handle money politics cases carried out by the police. The research approach uses normative juridical research methods, in which this method uses library research, legislation and literature. The type of research data is secondary data with primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Data collection techniques in the form of literature study and data analysis techniques used are descriptive qualitative. From the results of research and analysis, it can be concluded that first, the model to prevent the practice of money politics in general elections from the perspective of Progressive Constitutional Law is that morality is above the law, morality is the core foundation of the running of the electoral system. Because theoretically the Constitutional Law of this progress is (1) towards progress; and (2) leaning towards improving the situation. The main characteristic of an advanced constitutional law is that it is democratic and more responsive. Progressive law puts people first, serves the welfare and happiness of the people. The police are only in the form of control and when they receive reports related to new money politics to be investigated, because the one who plays an important role in overseeing the general election is the Election Oversight Committee.

This article examines the weakness of legal protection system for Indonesian migrant workers which are still vulnerably exposed to the practice of human trafficking leading to many cases of physical, sexual and psychological exploitation of Indonesian migrant workers abroad. This study quantitatively explores the model of providing legal protection for Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong, China in order to improve legal protection for Indonesian migrant workers abroad. Finally this study finds the effectiveness and successfulness of the well-established legal system of Hong Kong's government, as one of the most intended countries by Indonesian migrant workers, in providing protection and guaranteeing the rights of migrant workers. These models constitute the ideal Human Rights Protection schemes for the other countries in realizing strategy and policies for better regulation.

This study aims to analyze the formulation of money politics criminal acts in the Election Law and examine law enforcement on money politics from a sociological perspective. The choice of the sociological juridical approach method is intended to photograph the application and study of the relationship between legal aspects and non-legal aspects in the operation of law in society. Gaining votes in elections can be reached with non-monetary power, such as through family, social and economic networks, but the portion of the determination is more with money politics. The results of the study conclude that the formulation of money politics in the Election Law is not progressive enough so that it needs to be reformed. In addition, from a sociological perspective, the effectiveness of resolving election crimes related to money politics is largely determined by public awareness and participation.Key Words: Election criminal law; law enforcement; money politicsAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perumusan tindak pidana politik uang dalam Undang-Undang Pemilu dan mengkaji penegakan hukum atas tindak pidana politik uang dari perspektif sosiologis. Pemilihan metode pendekatan hukum yuridis sosiologis dimaksudkan untuk memotret penerapan dan pengkajian hubungan aspek hukum dengan aspek non hukum dalam bekerjanya hukum di masyarakat. Pendulangan suara dalam pemilu dapat dijangkau dengan kekuatan non uang, seperti melalui jaringan keluarga, sosial dan ekonomi, tetapi porsi penentuan lebih banyak dengan politik uang. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perumusan tindak pidana politik uang dalam Undang-Undang Pemilu tidak cukup progresif sehingga perlu dilakukan pembaharuan. Selain itu, ditinjau dari perspektif sosiologis, efektivitas penyelesaian tindak pidana pemilu terkait politik uang, banyak ditentukan oleh kesadaran dan partisipasi masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Politik uang; hukum pidana pemilu; penegakan hukum

Tourism is one of the natural resources owned by the Indonesian state. Lebak Regency, especially Citorek Village, has natural tourism from the Country Above the Clouds which is currently the center of attention of tourists, the development of the Country Above the Clouds natural tourism has had a positive impact and problems on the surrounding community, especially in Citorek Kidul Village. Thus the need to increase the role of the community and interested parties, especially the government in managing the country & natural tourism above the clouds, so that it becomes a tourist attraction that attracts tourists so as to increase the economic growth of the Citorek community. The author is interested in researching how the role of the village government in managing the country & natural tourism above the clouds in the village of Citorek Kidul Lebak Banten based on Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Tourism? and what is the licensing procedure for the management of natural tourism in the country above the clouds in the village of Citorek Kidul Lebak Banten based on Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Tourism?This study used an empirical juridical method with descriptive analytical research specifications. The data used in this study are secondary data supported by primary data in the form of interviews with the Head of the Tourism Destination Division of Lebak Regency and the Head of the Citorek Kidul Village who were analyzed descriptively qualitatively.The results of this study indicate that the role of the village government in managing natural tourism is still not optimal because the principle of independence and the principle of equality in Regional Regulation No.2 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Tourism has not been fulfilled and there are several inhibiting and driving factors in the licensing process, the inhibiting factor is the source. Human power, namely the lack of understanding of the OSS system is still not evenly studied by the village community, the lack of facilities and infrastructure and lack of budgets, while the driving factor is the potential for tourism, namely the natural tourism of the country above the clouds which has the charm of a cloud that is witnessed on the mountain. sublime has a tourist attraction, community cooperation as social capital for the growth of natural tourism in the megeri above the clouds is formed by the presence of pokdarwis, support and motivation from the village government.

A closed-ended questionnaire was designated to the English Department students University of Nusantara PGRI Kediri to investigate their cognitive, behavioural and emotional engagement during the English teaching learning processes that were administered in online classes. These online classes were managed to implement the government policy in banning the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that the students' behavioural engagement was relatively high, however, their cognitive and emotional engagement were not extensively positive in some of their aspects. It was found that the students found obstacles in communicating ideas, helping each other, previewing the previous materials, and overcoming anxiety in making mistake during the online class. The findings contributes to an understanding of the various aspects of web-based classes and the EFL students' engagement in the virtual classes. .

Many expert opinions define teaching and learning strategies in various terms and their different meanings, even though the definition actually lies only in its accentuasion. According to Sunhaji, the teaching and learning strategy is the real effort of the teacher in teaching practices that are more effective and efficient or the teacher's politics and tactics that are implemented in teaching practice in the classroom. Mathematics is defined as a field of study that studies the patterns of structure, change and space. Informally it can also be called the science of numbers and numbers. The word math comes from the word mathema in Greek which is defined as "science, or learning" as well as mathe -matikos which is defined as like to learn.

One type of tax is the Cost of Acquisition of Land and Building Rights (BPHTB). In Padang City, based on Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2011 and Regulation of Mayor Number 27 of 2016, the BPHTB tax collection system is different where the BPHTB collection system is not cohorence with the implementation of basic tasks and is determined by the parties as regulated by the function of increasing development activities in all fields. The research problems in this article are: 1) How is the collection of BPHTB in Padang City 2) How the verification process the land and building and constraints was receipts from land and building rights to the certificate of together in Padang City? 3) Are efforts of the government of padang in obstacles as receipts from land and building rights to the certificate of together in Padang City ? The research uses empirical juridical research methods. Primary data and secondary data obtained through literature study and interviews with research subjects. The results shows that the implementation of BPHTB collection in Padang city was carried out based on the Mayor Regulation No. 27 of 2016 and there are differences in tax collection regulated by Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2011, namely in the Cost of Acquisition (NPOP) assessment and collection system based on market prices, not transaction prices regulated in Bylaw No. 1 of 2011. The differences create legal uncertainty for the community. The obstacle that arises in the collection of Padang city BPHTB is the lack of taxpayer knowledge about BPHTB.

Usaha koperasi merupakan gerakan ekonomi kerakyatan dengan asas kekeluargaan dan mementingkan kesejahteraan anggotanya, seperti tertuang dalam Pasal 33 Ayat 1 Undang- Undang Dasar 1945 yang berbunyi, "Perekonomian disusun sebagai usaha bersama berdasar atas asas kekeluargaan". Koperasi merupakan satu-satunya bentuk usaha yang paling sesuai dengan demokrasi ekonomi dan selaras dengan semangat dan jiwa gotong royong Bangsa Indonesia. Koperasi memiliki beberapa prinsip yang diantaranya adalah keanggotaan bersifat suka rela dan terbuka, pengelolaan dilaksanakan secara demokratis, pembagian Sisa Hasil Usaha (SHU) dilakukan secara adil sebanding dengan besarnya jasa usaha masing-masing anggota, pemberian balas jasa yang terbatas terhadap modal, serta kemandirian. Prinsip-prinsip pengelolaan koperasi tersebut menjadi keunggulan koperasi dibandingkan badan usaha lainnya apabila diterapkan dengan benar. Sebagai salah satu pelaku ekonomi, koperasi diharapkan mampu menjadi sokoguru perekonomian Indonesia. Hasil penelitian dapat di jelaskan sebagai berikut: Pertama; Perputaran piutang pada KPRI Mekar Barat Sadananya Kabupaten Ciamis selama 5 tahun yaitu, tahun 2014 sebanyak 1,61 kali, 2015 sebanyak1,67 kali, tahun 2016 sebanyak 1,57 kali, tahun 2017 sebanyak 1,21 kali dan tahun 2018 sebanyak 1,11 kali, hal ini berarti perputaran piutang pada koperasi Mekar Barat sudah baik, dan waktu perputaran piutang relatif cepat. Kedua; Besarnya peningkatan laba usaha pada KPRI Mekar Barat Sadananya Kabupaten Ciamis untuk waktu 5 tahun yaitu tahun 2014 SHU sebesar 29.100.000, pada tahun 2015 sebesar 11.000.000, pada tahun 2016 sebesar 23.169.426, pada tahun 2017 sebesar 27.142.000, dan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 44.798.000. Pada tahun terakhir mengalami kenaikan SHU 33,13% berarti koperasi tersebut lebih baik dari tahun sebelumnya cara mengelola usahanya terutama dalam pengelolaan piutang anggota. Ketiga; Besarnya peranan perputaran piutang dalam meningkatkan laba pada KPRI Mekar Barat Sadananya Kabupaten Ciamis yaitu 37,68 % sedangkan 62,32 % peranan diberikan oleh faktor lain.

The practice of girl marriage in Indonesia is a social reality that has been going on from generation to generation. Although the average level of education in Indonesia is increasing and the government has limited the practice of child marriage, in some areas of East Java province the tendency of parents to marryoff their underage girls remains. This study aims to identify gender-based power relations within the practices of girl marriage in poor family in East Java province. This study is also aimed at revealing how the social reproduction of gender inequality values takes place in the girl marriage practices. This research was done by using qualitative method which was supported with quantitative data. This study shows that the victims of early marriage practices are girls. Gender-based-power relations between young wives with husbands, parents and in-laws are not equal. The unequal gender-based power relations in girl marriage practices in poor family are relate to limitation of knowledge and reproduce of power. The unequal gender relations are continuously reproduced through the imposition of negative social labeling on girls. The prevention of girl marriage requires a comprehensive approach by addressing the social and cultural values, especially promoting equal gender relations. One of the solutions is empowerment based on equal gender perspective.

At present the main problem in the implementation of Security and Order Development is human resources. The pattern of multiple positions in the Police has led to the formation of guidance not optimal even though both in terms of work productivity and service quality but from the side of responsiveness and responsibility and accountability is still not optimal. This study aims to determine the performance of Bhayangkara Pembina Masyarakat Security and Order in creating security and order in the community. In this study the authors used qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The performance of Bhabinkamtibmas in Tanjung Agung Subdistrict, West Baturaja Subdistrict in fostering community security and order has run according to what is expected and running well, both from the police as the duty bearer of Bhabinkamtibmas and from the government and the community itself although there is still a lot to be improved.

Penelitian ini untuk mengkaji peran Badan Pengawas Pemilu (BAWASLU) pada setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang No 7 tahun 2017 tentang perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 yang terkait dengan pengawasan. Metode Penlitian dilakukan menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian bahwa BAWASLU memeriksa, dan memutus pelanggaran administrasi Pemilihan dalam jangka waktu paling lama 14 (empat belas) hari kerja. Undang-undang Nmor 7 Tahun 2017 tidak menyinggung langsung kedudukan Panitia Pengawas Pemilu yang harusnya sama kedudukannya dengan Bawaslu Provinsi, namun pada saat di Kabupaten pada prakteknya terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara kedudukan Panitia Pengawas Pemilu dengan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPUD). This study is to examine the role of the Badan Pengawas Pemilu (BAWASLU) after the enactment of Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning amendments to Law Number 10 of 2016 related to supervision. The research method is carried out using normative legal research. The result of the research is that BAWASLU inspects, and decides the election administration violations within a maximum period of 14 (fourteen) working days. Law No. 7 of 2017 does not directly address the position of the Election Oversight Committee which should be the same as the Provincial Bawaslu, but when in the District there is an imbalance between the position of the Komisi Pemilihan Umum Daerah (KPUD).

Penelitian ini menerangkan bahwa partai politik mempunyai tugas dan fungsi yang sangat penting di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Tidak hanya sebagai wadah untuk berorganisasi ataupun untuk meningkatkan partisipasi politik masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk memenangkan dalam momen Pemilu atau Pilkada. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran partai politik pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu serta hal-hal yang dapat meningkatkan partisipasi politik masyarakat pada pemilihan Kepala Daerah 9 Desember 2015 di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun yang memberikan informasi/keterangan (Informan) adalah KPUD Kab.Labuhanbatu, Ketua Partai PDI-PERJUANGAN, Ketua Partai Golkar dan GERINDRA. Labuhanbatu, Panwasli Kecamatan dan Tokoh Masyarakat. Tekhnik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat beberapa hal yang harus diketahui yaitu : Partisipasi politik masyarakat pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah pada tanggal 9 Desember 2015 di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu termasuk kategori tinggi. Dibuktikan dengan data dari KPUD Kab. Labuhanbatu dengan jumlah total pemilih yang hadir pada hari pemungutan suara adalah 63,52%. Tingginya angka partisipasi politik masyarakat tidak terlepas dari penyelenggara yang mensosialisasikan tentang Pilkada dan peran para partai politik dalam mensosialisasikan pasangan calon yang diusungnya. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan diperoleh data-data yang menunjukkan bahwa partai politik berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pasrtispasi politik masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah 9 Desember 2015 di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu.Kata Kunci :Peranan Partai Politik, Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat, Pilkada

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan muatan nilai sosial dan kritik sosial yang terdapat dalam teks anekdot karya siswa. Melalui teks anekdot ini dapat digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana nilai yang tergambar dalam kehidupan sosial dan bentuk kritikan yang disampaikan terhadap permasalahan sosial yang ada di masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan nilai-nilai sosial yang meliputi nilai kejujuran, kerja keras, kesabaran, kesopanan, keadilan, taat pada peraturan sosial, tanggung jawab, dan peduli kebersihan. Kemudian kritik sosial yang ditemukan, yaitu kritik sosial terhadap fenomena keagamaan, ekonomi, pendidikan, moral, kebudayaan, politik, dan keluarga.Kata kunci: kritik sosial, teks anekdot, karya siswa