Suchergebnisse

Preface -- Can cities solve global homelessness? -- The transformation of homeless services -- Engaging people on the streets -- Sheltering in ways that work -- Strategic housing approaches -- Supportive housing to target complex needs -- Prevention is part of the solution -- Systems-level thinking and doing -- Bringing the community in as partner -- The power of data -- Managing for results -- Covid-19 : when disaster strikes -- Cities can solve global homelessness -- Appendix A.

Preface -- Can cities solve global homelessness? -- The transformation of homeless services -- Engaging people on the streets -- Sheltering in ways that work -- Strategic housing approaches -- Supportive housing to target complex needs -- Prevention is part of the solution -- Systems-level thinking and doing -- Bringing the community in as partner -- The power of data -- Managing for results -- Covid-19 : when disaster strikes -- Cities can solve global homelessness -- Appendix A.

AbstractThis study aimed at assessing and identifying the factors influencing the success of agricultural marketing cooperatives in Some Selected Woredas of Ilubabor And Buno Bedele Zones. The targets for this research were members of agricultural marketing cooperatives (AMCs). For the sake of achieving the objectives of this study, responses were elicited from four hundred thirty five (435) respondents who were drawn from the target population using random sampling procedure. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 officers' and cooperative leaders of AMCs. Data were analyzed using inferential analyses. Besides, the qualitative data collected were analyzed using descriptive narrations through concurrent triangulation strategy. The findings indicate that, there exists positive significant ranging from strong to Very strong relationship was found between independent variables and dependent variable. Moreover, the selected independent variables significantly explain the variations in the dependent variable. Finally, the study has suggested cooperative promoter, government, and prospective members should prioritize those factors that have greater impact on their success than do others i.e., commitment of members, managerial factor and their participation, the management of cooperatives should create awareness for farmers about what benefit the farmers as well as the country would get when they provide and sell their agricultural products by cooperatives. Additionally, the responsible government bodies should identify, address and strength the relationship of foreign and domestic market linkages and also cooperatives should be managed by professional personals to increase the success of cooperatives at the maximum level. Key Words: Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives, success

BACKGROUND: Globally, dental caries may be a major public health issue which may be preventable. Many studies have been conducted on dental caries in Ethiopia which present inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis was expected to consolidate the findings conducted in various regions of the country and generate country representative information on the burden and its associated factors of dental caries in Ethiopia. METHODS: Our systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the pooled prevalence of dental caries and its associated factors in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Medical specialty databases like ScienceDirect, HINARI, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were consistently and exhaustively searched. To determine the aggregate prevalence, studies delineating the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors were included. Important data were extracted employing a standardized data extraction tool ready in Microsoft Excel and imported to the STATA version-13 statistical software package for analyses. To assess non-uniformity, the Cochrane Q test statistics and I(2) test were performed respectively. A random effects model meta-analysis was accustomed to estimate the pooled burden of dental caries. RESULTS: The result of thirteen studies disclosed that the overall prevalence of dental caries in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was found to be 40.98 (31.62, 50.34). Within the subgroup analysis, the uppermost prevalence was determined in Tigray region (46.59% (24.64, 68.54)) whereas the bottom prevalence was determined in Addis Ababa (34.20% (8.42, 59.97)). Dental caries prevalence was considerably high among study subjects who consumed sweet food (OR= 2.4 (95% CI (1.91, 3.01))). But the presence of dental plaque (OR = 5.14 (95% CI (0.67, 39.39))) and habit of tooth- cleaning (OR = 0.71 (95% CI (0.17, 2.96))) were not statistically significant with the outcome of interest. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis found that the prevalence of dental ...

AbstractWetlands are effectively used to treat mine water effluent in South Africa, where they retain toxic metals that can potentially contaminate the environment. Wetlands that are located close to the abandoned tailings dams were chosen and solidified substrate samples were collected for thin section microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. In order to determine the concentration of selected metals in the tailings dams, fine grained samples were collected and leached with a diluted nitric acid and deionised water to simulate leaching by rainwater. The results from the substrate analysis revealed an overall oxide abundance of 71.76 weight percent (%) and an elevated metal concentration, which suggest a crucial role played by pH, redox, wetland sediments and wetland plants in maintaining oxygen circulation and triggering reactions. The study confirmed the efficiency of wetlands in the attenuation of toxic metals from the mine water.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate students' attitude towards oral interaction in EFL classroom. For the study, a post positivist paradigm was adopted because the post positivist assumptions have represented the traditional form of research, and these assumptions hold true more for quantitative research than qualitative research. Besides, a descriptive case study design and a quantitative research approach were employed to achieve the research objective. The participants of the study were 64 second year students in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (FSSH), Gambella University who were selected through simple random sampling technique in the year 2023. The data were collected through close ended questionnaire. A close ended questionnaire was used to collect the data about the students' attitude towards oral interaction in EFL classroom. In this study, a quantitative method of data analysis was employed by using SPSS 24. The data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages and mean scores. The data about the students' attitude were analyzed in terms of the three basic components of attitude. They were the cognitive, affective and behavioral components. Regarding the cognitive component of their attitude about the benefits of oral interaction, the students had little understanding about the merit of oral interaction. Pertaining to the affective component of their attitude concerning their own preferences to employ oral interaction in a classroom, the students did not prefer using oral interaction in EFL classroom. With regard to the behavioral component of their attitude towards oral interaction, the students were not enthusiastic to use oral interaction in classrooms in enhancing their oral interaction skill. Therefore, the findings the study revealed that the students had negative attitude towards oral interaction in EFL classrooms.

Background and objectives: Ethiopia is among TB high burden countries and people in economically productive age group are more affected. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to identify factors associated with Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: unmatched case control study design was used to enroll 221 smear-positive pulmonary TB patients and 442 hospital based controls from three governmental hospitals in the Gamo Goffa Zone from February, 2013 to May, 2014. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) prolongs the life span of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and intensely reduces HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Globally, HIV-associated non-communicable diseases are becoming major public concerns, and chronic comorbidities have appeared as a substantial reason for morbidity and mortality in HIV patients with prolonged use of HAART. PURPOSE: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and risk factors among adult HIV patients exposed to HAART at Jimma Zone Public Hospitals from May to July 30, 2018. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A convenient sampling technique was used to include a total of 271 adult HIV patients on HAART visiting the selected health facilities at the time of data collection. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire and by reviewing patients' record data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify variables that are independent predictors for diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among PLWHIV exposed to HAART was 11.4% and 16.6%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetic dyslipidemia in PLWHIV exposed on HAART was 8.9% (n=24). Government workers (AOR: 0.17, 95% C.I=0.03–0.85, P=0.031), long duration in HAART use (AOR: 11.06, 95% C.I:1.03–18.67, P=0.047), hyper-triglyceridemia (AOR: 2.62,95% C.I:0.82, 8.39, P=0.005), LDL-C <130 mg/dl (AOR: 4.04, 95% C.I=1.33–12.30, P=0.014), and obesity (AOR: 9.62, 95% C.I: 1.01–91.52, P=0.049) were independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus in PLWHIV exposed to HAART. CONCLUSION: Exposure to HAART increased the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in PLWHIV although it enhances quality of life, improves immune functions and prevents the onset of opportunistic infections. Therefore, regular screening for blood glucose level for PLWHIV on HAART is advisable.

The engagement of communities (non-scientists) in the collection of reliable hydrometeorological data (a citizen science approach) has the potential to address part of the data gaps in Ethiopia. Due to the high cost of establishing and maintaining gauging stations, hydrometeorological monitoring in the country tends to focus on large river basins (> 1,000 km2) with little or no consideration of small watersheds (< 100 km2). However, hydrologic data from small watersheds are critical for two main reasons: (i) measure the impacts of watershed management interventions on water resources; and (ii) inform local development plans, such as small- and micro-scale irrigation development. Therefore, this paper examines the institutional arrangements for hydrometeorological monitoring and the practices followed by the Basin Development Authority and National Meteorology Agency in Ethiopia. It is important to investigate the possibilities of embedding a citizen science approach into the data collection systems of these two organizations, as this will help to address data gaps, particularly at micro-watershed levels. Based on the assessments, there is potential to embed the approach into the institutional structure of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) for hydrometeorological monitoring in micro-watersheds, due to the following reasons: (i) MoA has a high demand for hydrometeorological data from small rivers to be used for small- and micro-scale irrigation development, and for measuring the impacts of watershed development interventions on water resources; and (ii) MoA has an institutional structure from federal to community level that supports the engagement of communities in development interventions. However, effectively embedding the citizen science approach into regular monitoring of MoA depends on the clear distribution of mandates; developing legal, ethical, methodological and quality frameworks; and developing clear data sharing and incentive mechanisms involving all partners.