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The Politics of Reproduction: Adoption, Abortion and Surrogacy in the Age of Neoliberalism uniquely brings together three sites of reproduction and reproductive politics to demonstrate their entanglement in creating or restricting options for family-making. The original essays in this collection—which draw from a wide range of disciplinary and theoretical perspectives—are attentive to neoliberalism's reshaping of economies and intimacies to better understand the politics of reproduction. By looking at particular instances (surrogacy in Mexico, forced sterilization in Peru, and racialized biopolitics in post-Katrina Mississippi, among other sites), The Politics of Reproduction focuses on the effects of a radically altered economic landscape on individual choice-making. As a whole, the volume critically engages the question of choice to better understand the costs of a political and ideological climate that encourages, even demands, individual solutions to intractable social problems.

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1. School's Out -- 2. A Career for Life -- 3. Creating Candy -- 4. Depression Years -- 5. Second Generation -- 6. Ending an Era -- 7. Third-Generation Candy Maker -- 8. Changing Times -- 9. A New Century-A New Look -- 10. Cut Rock Candy Land-A Personal Tour -- 11. Dipping into Chocolates-My Second Behind-the-Scenes Tour -- Appendix A. Excerpts from the Eulogy for Carl Thomas Hammond Jr., by Carl Thomas Hammond III -- Appendix B. About Andrew Schuman -- Appendix C. Glossary of Terms and Processes -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- About the Author.

Une étude de 1975 portant sur L'évaluation du prestige des titres de profession spécifiés comme détenus par un homme ou une femme a été répétée en 2000. Les deux enquêtes ont été conduites à Kitchener‐Waterloo en Ontario. Alors que les données de 1975 accordaient un avantage de cinq points en moyenne aux hommes sur les femmes, ce fossé des sexes a disparu en 2000. Dans les postes où le travail est plus axé sur les personnes, les femmes se voient maintenant accorder un plus haut prestige que les hommes. L'article fait référence à la manière dont ces changements sociaux sont liés au cours du dernier quart de siècle à une convergence dans L'identification sexuelle des professions. Les sources de variation dans les évaluations de L'échantillonnage de 2000 sont analysées et considérées comme minimes quoique les répondants ayant un plus haut degré d'éducation classent toutes les professions légèrement à la baisse.A 1975 study on the evaluation of the prestige of occupational titles specified as held by a man or a woman was replicated in 2000. Both surveys were collected in Kitchener‐Waterloo, Ontario. While the 1975 data revealed an average five‐point advantage to men over women, this gender gap had disappeared by the year 2000. In more people‐oriented work, women are now accorded higher prestige than men. The paper refers to how these social changes are linked with convergence over the quarter century in the sex typing of occupations. Sources of variation in ratings within the 2000 sample are examined and found to be minimal, although more highly educated respondents grade all occupations slightly on the low side.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Figures and Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- Part 1 Approaches and Methods -- 1 Introduction: Contraception across Cultures -- 2 Psychosocial Data and Cross-Cultural Analyses: Challenges to Anthropology and Contraceptive Research -- 3 Responding to Reality: The Efficacy of Anthropological and Participatory Methods for the Implementation of Sustainable Contraceptive Programmes -- Part 2 Contraception in its Political and Economic Contexts -- 4 Fertility Running Wild: Elite Perceptions of the Need for Birth Control in White-Ruled Rhodesia -- 5 A Clinic in Conflict: A Political Economy Case Study of Family Planning in Haiti -- Part 3 Contraceptive Policy and Practice: User Perspectives -- 6 'Weak Blood' and 'Crowded Bellies': Cultural Influences on Contraceptive Use Among Ethiopian Jewish Immigrants in Israel -- 7 New Reproductive Rights and Wrongs in the Galilee -- 8 My Body, My Problem: Contraceptive Decision-Making among Rural Bangladeshi Women -- Part 4 Contraceptive Policy and Practice: Provider Perspectives -- 9 Uzbekistan in Transition - Changing Concepts in Family Planning and Reproductive Health -- 10 Family Planning or Reproductive Health? Interpreting Policy and Providing Family Planning Services in Highland Chiapas, Mexico -- Index.

AbstractIn the quest to model various phenomena, the foundational importance of parameter identifiability to sound statistical modeling may be less well appreciated than goodness of fit. Identifiability concerns the quality of objective information in data to facilitate estimation of a parameter, while nonidentifiability means there are parameters in a model about which the data provide little or no information. In purely empirical models where parsimonious good fit is the chief concern, nonidentifiability (or parameter redundancy) implies overparameterization of the model. In contrast, nonidentifiability implies underinformativeness of available data in mechanistically derived models where parameters are interpreted as having strong practical meaning. This study explores illustrative examples of structural nonidentifiability and its implications using mechanistically derived models (for repeated presence/absence analyses and dose–response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and norovirus) drawn from quantitative microbial risk assessment. Following algebraic proof of nonidentifiability in these examples, profile likelihood analysis and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo with uniform priors are illustrated as tools to help detect model parameters that are not strongly identifiable. It is shown that identifiability should be considered during experimental design and ethics approval to ensure generated data can yield strong objective information about all mechanistic parameters of interest. When Bayesian methods are applied to a nonidentifiable model, the subjective prior effectively fabricates information about any parameters about which the data carry no objective information. Finally, structural nonidentifiability can lead to spurious models that fit data well but can yield severely flawed inferences and predictions when they are interpreted or used inappropriately.

Prepaid monetary incentives are used to address declining response rates in random-digit dial surveys. There is concern among researchers that some respondents will accept the prepayment but not complete the survey. There is little research to understand check cashing and survey completing behaviors among respondents who receive prepayment. Data from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Study—a longitudinal survey of smokers in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia—were used to examine the impact of prepayment (in the form of checks, approximately US$10) on sample profile. Approximately 14 percent of respondents cashed their check, but did not complete the survey, while about 14 percent did not cash their checks, but completed the survey. Younger adults (Canada and United States), those of minority status (United States), and those who had been in the survey for only two waves or less (Canada and United States) were more likely to cash their checks and not complete the survey.

Backround: The availability of contraband cigarettes provides incentives for price-sensitive smokers to reduce their monetary costs of smoking. The objectives of this study were to examine whether Canadian smokers' geographic proximity to First Nations reserves and attempts to quit smoking influenced the likelihood of purchasing lower-cost cigarettes from reserves. Methods: Data were from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Canada Survey, a prospective survey of Canadian adult smokers conducted from 2002 to 2014 using telephone and online interviewing methods. Analysis was restricted to smokers from Ontario (n=2105) and Quebec (n=1427) participating in at least one survey wave. Smokers' postal codes were used to calculate distance to the nearest reserve. Weighted logistic generalised estimating equations (GEE) regression examined the linear relationship between distance and the log odds of last purchasing cigarettes on reserve in each province. GEE models also examined the relationship between past-year quit attempts and the log odds of on-reserve purchasing. Results: Controlling for other factors, from 2002–2014, smokers from Ontario who lived 10 km closer to reserves than otherwise similar smokers had significantly higher odds of last purchasing on reserve (OR ranged from 1.16 to 1.65). Distance had little effect on smokers' purchasing behaviours in Quebec. Moreover, in Ontario, for every 10 km increase in distance, smokers who did not try to quit had significantly greater odds of purchasing from a reserve than smokers who tried to quit (p=0.002). Conclusion: In order for tobacco taxation policies to achieve their maximal benefit, governments must limit potential sources of lower-cost cigarettes. Collaborative governance arrangements can ensure tobacco products sold on reserve to non-Indigenous people are appropriately taxed while allowing First Nations communities to keep the revenue generated by such taxes. ; US National Cancer Institute || Canadian Institutes of Health Research || Canadian Tobacco ...

INTRODUCTION: The rapid rise in electronic cigarettes (ECs) globally has stimulated much debate about the relative risk and public health impact of this new emerging product category as compared to conventional cigarettes. The sale and marketing of ECs containing nicotine are banned in many countries (eg, Australia) but are allowed in others (eg, United Kingdom). This study examined prevalence and correlates of the belief that ECs are a lot less harmful than conventional cigarettes under the different regulatory environments in Australia (ie, more restrictive) and the United Kingdom (ie, less restrictive). METHODS: Australian and UK data from the 2013 survey of the International Tobacco Control Four-Country project were analyzed. RESULTS: More UK than Australian respondents (58.5% vs. 35.2%) believed that ECs are a lot less harmful than conventional cigarettes but more respondents in Australia than in the United Kingdom selected "Don't Know" (36.5% vs. 17.1%). The proportion that responded "A little less, equally or more harmful" did not differ between countries. Correlates of the belief that ECs are "A lot less harmful" differed between countries, while correlates of "Don't Know" response did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the less restrictive regulatory environment affecting the sale and marketing of ECs, smokers and recent ex-smokers in the United Kingdom were more likely to believe ECs were less harmful relative to conventional cigarettes compared to those in Australia. IMPLICATIONS: What this study adds: Among smokers and ex-smokers, this study found that the belief that ECs are (a lot) less harmful than conventional cigarettes was considerably higher in the United Kingdom than in Australia in 2013. The finding is consistent with the less restrictive regulatory environment for ECs in the United Kingdom, suggesting that the regulatory framework for ECs adopted by a country can affect smokers' perceptions about the relative harmfulness of ECs, the group that stands to gain the most from having an accurate belief about the relative harms of ECs.

Les enquêtes recourant à un mode mixte de collecte sont de plus en plus nombreuses, et il devient nécessaire de tester les écarts entre les réponses obtenues par téléphone et par internet. Cet article analyse les effets des différents modes de collecte en utilisant la vague 1 de l'enquête International Tobacco Control (ITC) des Pays-Bas réalisée par internet (CAWI) et par téléphone (CATI). Pour de nombreuses questions, les échantillons présentent des distributions de réponse différentes. C'est dû en partie à des effets de sélection, car les répondants sont recrutés par des procédures différentes et les échantillons n'ont pas les mêmes caractéristiques démographiques, et en partie à des facteurs d'administration des questions, les répondants traitant différemment les items de réponse en fonction du mode de collecte. L'objectif est ici de présenter une modélisation qui prend en compte à la fois les effets de sélection et d'administration dans une enquête utilisant un mode mixte de collecte. Le modèle est aussi intégré dans une analyse des réactions à des mentions figurant sur les paquets de cigarettes, d'après les enquêtes ITC aux Pays-Bas, en Allemagne, en France et au Royaume-Uni.