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The modern economy is undergoing a major transformation associated with the digitalization of all spheres of life. The purpose of the article is to show the main trends in the development of the digitalization of the economy and their impact on changes in government policy at the macro level and the behavior of businesses and citizens (both consumers and employees) at the micro level. The influence of digitalization and robotization on changes in the forms of employment of employees is also shown. ; В настоящее время современная экономика переживает серьезную трансформацию, связанную с цифровизацией всех сфер жизнедеятельности. Цель статьи – показать основные тенденции развития цифровизации экономики и их влияние на изменение государственной политики на макроуровне и поведения бизнеса и граждан (как потребителей, так и работников) на микроуровне. Показано также влияние цифровизации и роботизации на изменение форм занятости работников.

Nowadays, selective laser melting (SLM) represents an option for manufacturing parts from titanium alloys, especially from Ti-6Al-4V alloy. However, mechanical properties of parts made of SLM-produced Ti-6Al-4V, such as ductility and fatigue resistance, are significantly lower than that of wrought ones. The promising way to improve mechanical properties of SLM parts without expensive hot isostatic pressing can be combination SLM and deformation post-processing. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to investigate the flow stress behavior and microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by SLM in a wide temperature range in comparison with conventional manufactured material. In contrast to wrought material, SLM-produced Ti-6Al-4V shows high plastic flow instability at test temperatures of 20–900 °С, which was demonstrated via temperature sensitivity and softening rate. FEM-simulation of hot isothermal compression of samples was conducted in order to compare the deformation inhomogeneity between SLM-produced and wrought materials, namely, local strains e in the severe plastic deformation and dead metal zones. The microstructure in these characteristic zones of both materials deformed in (α + β)-field was examined by means of optical microscopy. The type of microstructure and grain size of the SLM-produced and wrought material were studied. It turned out that the deformation of SLM-produced Ti-6Al-4V at a lower temperature (800 °C) and a higher strain rate (1 s−1) makes it possible to obtain ultrafine-grained microstructure. This, in turn, opens the door to the production of Ti-6Al-4V parts with high mechanical properties via processing route SLM + metal forming. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature. ; This study was supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation (agreement no. 02.A03.21.0006).

The present study is focused on rheological properties of AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM) at temperatures of hot deformation with the aim to investigate the dependence of strain resistance on temperature, strain rate and strain degree. As-build cylindrical specimens made of AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy was examined on a cam plastometer in temperature range 20 - 500 °C, at strain rate ξ equal to 1, 10 s-1 up to strain degree e equal to 1.2. The paper presents results of study of initial microstructure, microhardness measurement and flow curves of AlSi10Mg alloy produced by SLM. The flow curves of AlSi10Mg alloy produced by SLM can be used in the computer simulation and development of new manufacturing methods of the metallic parts by additive technologies with the use of deformation post-treatment. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. ; Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation ; The study was made within the basic part of the state job in the field of scientific activity No. 11.9538.2017/8.9 and was supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 02.A03.21.0006).

A.Y.N. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (national project MAT2017-88358-C3-3-R). K.V.V. and V.S.V. acknowledge the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 18-79-10208. P.A G. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under Starting Grant 715496, 2DNANOPTICA. R.H. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (National Project RTI2018- 094830-B-100 and the Project MDM-2016-0618 of the Marie de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program) and the Basque Government (Grant No. IT1164-19).

This paper highlights the advantages of geoinformation technologies using in the formation of perspective land plots for construction to increase the investment attractiveness of engineering prepared territories. It discusses the formation of land plots, which were prepared for placement of new enterprises, their legal registration and the necessary infrastructure. It analyzes the approaches to pricing prepared land plots in the market, as well as their demand among investors for major investment projects in the construction sector. The paper describes the characteristics of types of sites for construction, substantiating the creation of a data base for prospective engineering prepared territories.The emphasis is made on the question of working with a large amount of spatial information being analyzed that dictates the use of GIS technologies for increasing efficiency of interaction of interested parties. The article analyzes the structure of the Federal geographic information system, created to provide electronic interaction at the level of the Federal Executive power, local government bodies, legal persons and individuals.Geographic information system (GIS) of this level can provide a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the prepared documents, execution of project agreements of territorial planning and information support for decision for all levels of government in planning of territory development. GIS allow us to operatively evaluate the investment attractiveness of prospective land plots for construction. The use of technologies of collecting and providing information about engineering prepared territories to potential investors improves the investment attractiveness of the Russian Federation on the whole. ; В статье рассмотрены преимущества использования геоинформационных технологий при формировании перспективных земельных участков под строительство для повышения инвестиционной привлекательности инженерно-подготовленных территорий. Рассмотрены вопросы формирования земельных участков, готовых к размещению новых предприятий, их юридического оформления и обеспечения необходимой инфраструктурой. Анализируются подходы к ценообразованию на рынке подготовленных земельных участков, их востребованности у инвесторов для крупных инвестиционных проектов в сфере строительства. В статье приведены характеристики типов площадок под строительство, обосновывается создание банка данных по перспективным инженерно-подготовленным территориям.Сделан акцент на изложение вопроса по работе с большим объёмом анализируемой пространственной информации, что диктует использование геоинформационных технологий для повышения оперативности взаимодействия заинтересованных сторон. В статье анализируется структура Федеральной геоинформационной системы, созданной для обеспечения электронного взаимодействия на уровне федеральных органов исполнительной власти, органов исполнительной власти субъектов РФ, органов местного самоуправления, юридических и физических лиц. Рассмотрены вопросы доступа к программам развития отдельных отраслей экономики, документов территориального планирования, программ комплексного развития инфраструктуры, цифровым топографическим картам.Геоинформационные системы такого уровня способны обеспечивать комплексную оценку качества подготовленных документов, выполнение согласований проектов территориального планирования и информационную поддержку принятия решений для всех уровней управления в области планирования развития территорий. Они позволяют оперативно оценивать инвестиционную привлекательность перспективных земельных участков для строительства. Использование технологий организации сбора и предоставления информации об инженерно-подготовленных территориях потенциальным инвесторам повышает инвестиционную привлекательность Российской Федерации в целом.

Regional Government of the Principality of Asturias [PA20-PF-BP19-053, PA-18-PF-BP17-126]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [0714-2020-0002]; Ramón y Cajal Program from the Government of Spain; FSE, European Social Fund (ESF) [RYC2018-026196-I]; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [national project no. MAT201788358-C3-3-R]