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"In the public sphere, it is often assumed that acts of violence carried out by Muslims are inspired by their religious commitment and encouraged by the Qur'an. Some people express similar concerns about the scriptures and actions of Christians and Jews. Might they be right? What role do scriptural texts play in motivating and justifying violence in these three traditions? Scripture and Violence explores the complex relationship between scriptural texts and real-world acts of violence. A variety of issues are addressed, including the prevalent modern tendency to express more concern about other people's texts and violence than one's own, to treat interpretation and application of scriptural passages as self-evident, and to assume that the actions of religious people are directly motivated by what they read in scriptures. Contributions come from a diverse group of scholars of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, who have varying perspectives on the issues. Highlighting the complex relationship between texts and human actions, this is an essential read for students and academics studying religion and violence, Abrahamic religions, or scriptural interpretation. Scripture and Violence will also be of interest to researchers working on religion and politics, sociology and anthropology of religion, sociopolitical approaches to scriptural texts, and issues surrounding religion, secularity, and the public sphere. This volume could also form a basis for discussions in churches, synagogues, mosques, interfaith settings, and government agencies"--

Front Matter -- Copyright -- Preface -- Abbreviations of Works of Ludwig Wittgenstein -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction: Interpretations of Wittgenstein, Religion and Interreligious Relations /Gorazd Andrejč -- "Being Near Enough to Listen": Wittgenstein and Interreligious Understanding /Mikel Burley -- Wittgenstein and Ascriptions of "Religion" /Thomas D. Carroll -- Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy as Foundation of Comparative Theology /Klaus von Stosch -- Wittgenstein's Religious Epistemology and Interfaith Dialogue /Nuno Venturinha -- Showing the Fly Out of the Bottle: Wittgenstein's Enactive Apophaticism and Interreligious Dialogue /Sebastjan Vörös and Varja Štrajn -- Radical Pluralism, Concept Formation, and Interreligious Communication /Randy Ramal -- Wittgensteinian Quasi-Fideism and Interreligious Communication /Guy Bennett-Hunter -- The God of the Intellect and the God of Lived Religion(s): Reflections on Maimonides, Wittgenstein and Burrell /Daniel H. Weiss -- Multiple Religious Belonging in a Wittgensteinian Perspective /Rhiannon Grant -- Names, Persons and Ritual Practices: Wittgenstein and the Way of Tea /Paul Cortois -- Back Matter -- Name Index -- Subject Index.

Background Health promotion, with a focus on multidimensional upstream factors and an ecological, life-course approach, is establishing itself as the guiding philosophy for addressing public health. Action at the political and programmatic level on the Social Determinants of Health has proven effective for promoting and building public health at all levels but has been particularly evident at the national and international levels – due in large part to available documents and guidelines. Although research and experience establish that health promotion is most effective when settings-based, the development of health promoting policies and programs at the local level is still difficult. This study intended to investigate available knowledge on the development and implementation of health promoting policies and programs at the local level and identify factors most important for facilitating capacity building and outcome achievement. Methods We used a scoping review in order to review the current literature on local policy development and program implementation. Keywords were chosen based on results of a previous literature review. A total of 53 articles were divided into two categories: policy and implementation. Critical analysis was conducted for each article and a summary assembled. Data was charted with specific focus on the aims of the study, data acquisition, key theories/concepts/frameworks used, outcome measures, results, and conclusions. Results The articles included in this study primarily focused on discussing factors that facilitate the development of health promoting policy and the implementation of health promotion programs. Most significant facilitators included: collaborative decision-making, agreement of objectives and goals, local planning and action, effective leadership, building and maintaining trust, availability of resources, a dynamic approach, a realistic time-frame, and trained and knowledgeable staff. Within each of these important facilitating factors, various elements supporting implementation were discussed and highlighted in this study. Conclusion Our results indicate that clear and consistent facilitators exist for supporting health promoting policy development and program implementation at the local level. These results offer a starting point for local action on the Social Determinants of Health and have the potential to contribute to the development of a framework for improving action at the local level. ; publishedVersion ; Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Abstract Background Health promotion, with a focus on multidimensional upstream factors and an ecological, life-course approach, is establishing itself as the guiding philosophy for addressing public health. Action at the political and programmatic level on the Social Determinants of Health has proven effective for promoting and building public health at all levels but has been particularly evident at the national and international levels – due in large part to available documents and guidelines. Although research and experience establish that health promotion is most effective when settings-based, the development of health promoting policies and programs at the local level is still difficult. This study intended to investigate available knowledge on the development and implementation of health promoting policies and programs at the local level and identify factors most important for facilitating capacity building and outcome achievement. Methods We used a scoping review in order to review the current literature on local policy development and program implementation. Keywords were chosen based on results of a previous literature review. A total of 53 articles were divided into two categories: policy and implementation. Critical analysis was conducted for each article and a summary assembled. Data was charted with specific focus on the aims of the study, data acquisition, key theories/concepts/frameworks used, outcome measures, results, and conclusions. Results The articles included in this study primarily focused on discussing factors that facilitate the development of health promoting policy and the implementation of health promotion programs. Most significant facilitators included: collaborative decision-making, agreement of objectives and goals, local planning and action, effective leadership, building and maintaining trust, availability of resources, a dynamic approach, a realistic time-frame, and trained and knowledgeable staff. Within each of these important facilitating factors, various elements supporting implementation were discussed and highlighted in this study. Conclusion Our results indicate that clear and consistent facilitators exist for supporting health promoting policy development and program implementation at the local level. These results offer a starting point for local action on the Social Determinants of Health and have the potential to contribute to the development of a framework for improving action at the local level.

At the RESCUE conference ("Resource-Efficient Pathways towards Greenhouse Gas Neutrality"), the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, UBA) shared the results of a project to further explore the mutual dependencies and feedback loops between climate policies and associated resource requirements. Six different quantitative scenarios for Germany were modelled and analysed. These scenarios describe potential alternative pathways to achieve a greenhouse gas-neutral and resource-efficient economy in Germany by the year 2050. At the conference, these scenarios were presented and discussed with experts and stakeholders from across the world. The implications for the wider policy context were also explored, drawing on the work of other institutions and individuals in this field.

Abstract Over the course of the first year of life, infants develop from being generalized listeners, capable of discriminating both native and non‐native speech contrasts, into specialized listeners whose discrimination patterns closely reflect the phonetic system of the native language(s). Recent work by Maye, Werker and Gerken (2002) has proposed a statistical account for this phenomenon, showing that infants may lose the ability to discriminate some foreign language contrasts on the basis of their sensitivity to the statistical distribution of sounds in the input language. In this paper we examine the process of enhancement in infant speech perception, whereby initially difficult phonetic contrasts become better discriminated when they define two categories that serve a functional role in the native language. In particular, we demonstrate that exposure to a bimodal statistical distribution in 8‐month‐old infants' phonetic input can lead to increased discrimination of difficult contrasts. In addition, this exposure also facilitates discrimination of an unfamiliar contrast sharing the same phonetic feature as the contrast presented during familiarization, suggesting that infants extract acoustic/phonetic information that is invariant across an abstract featural representation.

Aims: The aim of this article is to describe and discuss how the search conference can be used as a method for planning health promotion actions in local communities. Design and methods: The article draws on experiences with using the method for an innovative project in health promotion in three Norwegian municipalities. The method is described both in general and how it was specifically adopted for the project. Results and conclusions: The search conference as a method was used to develop evidence-based health promotion action plans. With its use of both bottom-up and top-down approaches, this method is a relevant strategy for involving a community in the planning stages of health promotion actions in line with political expectations of participation, ownership, and evidence-based initiatives. ; publishedVersion ; Copyright (c) 2016 Eva Magnus, Margunn Skjei Knudtsen, Guri Wist, Daniel Weiss, Monica Lillefjell. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Aims: The aim of this article is to describe and discuss how the search conference can be used as a method for planning health promotion actions in local communities. Design and methods: The article draws on experiences with using the method for an innovative project in health promotion in three Norwegian municipalities. The method is described both in general and how it was specifically adopted for the project. Results and conclusions: The search conference as a method was used to develop evidence-based health promotion action plans. With its use of both bottom-up and top-down approaches, this method is a relevant strategy for involving a community in the planning stages of health promotion actions in line with political expectations of participation, ownership, and evidence-based initiatives.

Die Managementregeln der Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie der Bundesregierung sind als zentraler Bestandteil der nationalen Nachhaltigkeitsarchitektur konzipiert. Seit ihrer Verabschiedung im Jahr 2002 wurden sie nur geringfügig angepasst. Gleichzeitig bestehen erhebliche Überarbeitungsbedarfe, um die Regeln wirksamer und attraktiver zu machen. Trotz Anwendung in der Gesetzesfolgenabschätzung spielen die Regeln bei der Formulierung von Politiken und Strategien kaum eine Rolle, ihre Zusammenstellung wirkt mitunter beliebig, globale Bezüge und Wechselwirkungen werden nur unzureichend adressiert. Auf Basis einer Betrachtung der bisherigen Entwicklung und Nutzung der Regeln sowie ihrer Stärken und Schwächen im Kontext aktueller Herausforderungen macht dieser Bericht Empfehlungen und Vorschläge für eine Weiterentwicklung auf inhaltlicher, kommunikativer und prozessualer Ebene, die unter anderem auf eine globalere und systemischere Perspektive, einen klareren Adressatenbezug und eine verbesserte Operationalisierung abzielen.

AbstractLanguage acquisition depends on the ability to detect and track the distributional properties of speech. Successful acquisition also necessitates detecting changes in those properties, which can occur when the learner encounters different speakers, topics, dialects, or languages. When encountering multiple speech streams with different underlying statistics but overlapping features, how do infants keep track of the properties of each speech stream separately? In four experiments, we tested whether 8‐month‐old monolingual infants (N = 144) can track the underlying statistics of two artificial speech streams that share a portion of their syllables. We first presented each stream individually. We then presented the two speech streams in sequence, without contextual cues signaling the different speech streams, and subsequently added pitch and accent cues to help learners track each stream separately. The results reveal that monolingual infants experience difficulty tracking the statistical regularities in two speech streams presented sequentially, even when provided with contextual cues intended to facilitate separation of the speech streams. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding how infants learn and separate the input when confronted with multiple statistical structures.