Suchergebnisse

Na przestrzeni ostatnich dwóch dekad wojska specjalne stały się ważnym elementem systemów obronnych wielu państw, wnosząc istotny wkład w prowadzone operacje wojskowe, oraz ogólny potencjał realizacji stawianych przed nimi zadań. Wynika to z unikalnych zdolności tego rodzaju wojsk, czyniących je szczególnie użytecznymi we współczesnym środowisku bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Czynniki te zadecydowały również o daleko idącej ewolucji i dynamicznym rozwoju polskich Wojsk Specjalnych. Celem artykułu jest analiza użyteczności jednostek specjalnych dla realizacji zasadniczych misji Sil Zbrojnych RP (zapisanych w Strategii Obronności RP) oraz prezentacja perspektyw ich dalszego rozwoju (przez pryzmat szans, wyzwań, ryzyk i zagrożeń). ; In the last two decades special operations forces became an important component of many states' defence systems, providing important contributions to actual military operations, as well as to a general potential for the achievement of given objectives. It stems chiefly from unique capabilities of those forces, which make them especially useful in the current international security environment. Those factors proved to be decisive for the far reaching evolution and dynamic development of Polish special forces. This article aims to analyse special operations forces' utility for the fulfilment of the Polish Armed Forces' basic missions (as stated in the Defence Doctrine), as well as to present perspectives for their further development (through the opportunities, challenges, risks and threats framework).

Current economic crisis in the EU can prove to be a turning point for the European defence-industrial base. The purpose of this article is to analyse the current state of the EU-based defence sector and possible trajectories of its future evolution. In order to achieve this aim, an overview of defence industry's functions has been provided, followed by SWOT analysis of internal and external factors influencing the current and future position of the European defence-industrial base. Presentation of the sector's strengths and weaknesses, as well as threat and opportunities coming from the external environment provides basis for assessment of possible future directions of industry's evolution.

The article focuses on an analysis of the level of knowledge of contemporary British, Germans, French, Italians and Poles about Nicolaus Copernicus the person and his scientific achievements. The analysis is based on the results of an international quantitative survey concerning this historical figure that was carried out in 2022 in the countries mentioned. Despite happily associating Nicolaus Copernicus with the cultural heritage of their own countries, it turned out that the respondents knew little of the astronomer's achievements. A comparison of the recognisability of this figure in the three countries with which he was most associated, that is, with Poland, Germany and Italy, also shows that Italians more often than Germans associate the cultural heritage of their country with this figure. This may prove that it is not in Germany but in contemporary Italy that stronger or more effective processes of discursive and symbolic elaboration of the past take place in the context of the legacy of Nicolaus Copernicus.

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The purpose of the paper is to present the cross-border mobility of Poles in a broader context of social, economic changes and formal and political conditions. The mobility of Poles is presented on the example of border traffic on the Polish-Russian border. We compare the situation on the border with Kaliningrad oblast with other sections of the eastern border. We focus on number of crossings and the movement of passenger and heavy good vehicles based on the data of the Border Guard. The conclusions are as follows: the intensity of border traffic was conditioned by both formal and legal changes as well as the economic situation on both sides of the state border. In the period from 1990, intensive travels of Poles to the Kaliningrad oblast were carried out: (1) from the mid-1990s until Poland's accession to the European Union; (2) during the operation of local border traffic, i.e. in the years 2012-2016.

This article focuses on the innovative methodology used to collect data. We describe how we have utilized the diary method and what analytical potential it contains. We also flag the limitations we have perceived during the research. At the same time, so as not to refrain entirely from a discussion of the study findings, we recreate selected shared attributes in the careers of culture animators. A hybrid research method was used to report and interpret the reality of our surroundings. This involved the use of a diary in which the animators described facts and events from the previous day while also plotting data concerning their location on the Google map; they enriched their notes with short essays, pictures, and video clips. Then, the animators as subjects in the research took part in one-on-one in-depth interviews to summarize their experience. Deliberations on the utility and innovativeness of these ethnographic methods are accompanied by considerations as to the variety of experience held by culture animators and the factors driving their occupational choices.

The authors consider symbolic interactionism to be a suitable theoretical framework to analyze projects in creative sectors because it affords ample space for individual and collective creativity. Furthermore, teams working on different cultural artifacts establish a negotiated order (interactionist term coined by A. L. Strauss) among artists, managers, the audience, and sponsors, et cetera, by discussing and translating various meanings and perspectives. This is especially noticeable when projects are managed using an agile methodology. The application of agile methodologies in creative sectors is a relatively new idea, although it seems to be in harmony with the nature of artistic work. For instance, it implies the acceptance of unpredictability and flexibility while also recognizing the ability and individuality of project participants. There are also specific problems related to the personalities of the artists and the irregularities and discontinuities inherent in the process of creation. The first part of the article raises the topic of creativity in symbolic interactionism. This perspective is subsequently extended to teamwork in creative sectors employing the description of collective work in Howard Becker's book entitled Art Worlds as an example. The authors reflect on other contemporary works explaining the cultural shift transpiring during the move from the analog age to the current digital age and its influence on the process of creation in the world of artists. This leads to a discussion of distributed agility, a concept stemming from agile management. The various agile methods are mentioned and shortly characterized; we also present a succinct depiction of historical perspective. The literature on the use of agile methods in creative sectors is referred to along with some of the challenges they face. The need to develop an agile management methodology specifically for creative industries is emphasized. This article utilizes the literature on symbolic interactionism to explain group dynamics by drawing analogies with agile management.

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the role of the Orthodox Christianity in the ethnic Serbian- Albanian conflict in the so-called Presevo Valley. This conflict between ethnically and religiously divided societies escalated to a military phase at the turn of the 20th century. The data on the role of the Orthodox Christianity in the conflict and the perception of its characteristics by local Serbs was acquired through the field research conducted in September 2011. The paper is divided into four sections. The first section includes a general description of the Serbian-Albanian conflict in the so-called Presevo Valley; the second part consists of a theoretical framework of the role of religion in ethnic conflicts; the third section contains a field research methodology; and the fourth, main part consists of the analysis of the field data. The analysis of the acquired data was organised in four thematic streams: (a) the defensive character of the Orthodox religion, (b) the Serbian Orthodox Church as a national and religious institution, (c) the perception of local and newcomer Muslims, (d) the perception of the role of religion and other factors in the local ethnic conflict.The conclusion coming from this article is that the religion plays a negligible role in the discussed conflict which was mostly influenced by economic and ideological factors. However, religion can be cleverly instrumentalised in a conflict. Additionally, on the Serbian side, there is visible an increased victimisation discourse (where Serbs are the victims) containing both national and religious motives.