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The authors of this short essay -- who are also authors of a recent translation of Democracy in America -- focus primarily on Tocqueville's practical voice & on the frequency with which his work is quoted. They criticize partisan interpretations of democratic freedom on the grounds that the conservative view is limited to individual interests & beliefs, whereas the liberal view is based on human need, with both groups disregarding political ambition. The authors further dismiss political independents as nonthinking people. The essay proposes that the ultimate goal is to coordinate democracy with faith in the public reward of virtue, & that both conservatives & liberals can benefit from a study of Tocqueville's religious views. J. R. Callahan

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- One -- 1. Beginnings (1274b32- 41) -- 2. Citizens (1274b41- 1276b15) -- 3. To Be or Not to Be (1276a6- 1276b15) -- 4. To Be and to Be (1276b16- 1277b32) -- 5. Noncitizens (1277b33- 1278b5) -- Two -- 1. "The Few in Opposition" (1278b6- 1279a21) -- 2. From a Man's Point of View (1279a22- 1280a6) -- 3. Ignoble Division (1280a7- 25) -- 4. The Oligarchic Logos (1280a25- 1281a10) -- 5. Unreason Is the Reason (1281a11- 39) -- 6. The Multitude, the Demos, and Free Men (1281a39- 1282b13) -- Three -- 1. Political Philosophy (1282b14- 1284a3) -- 2. Hares and Hermaphrodites (1284a3- 1284b34) -- 3. Kings (1284b35- 1286a9) -- 4. The King of Kings (1286a7- 1286b40) -- 5. The King of the Beasts (1287a1- 1288b6) -- Appendix 1: A Note on the Translation -- Appendix 2: Translation of Aristotle's Politics, Book III -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

"Russell Baker once said that in our time people cite Tocqueville without reading him even more than they do the Bibie and Shakespeare. Every American president sińce Eisenhower has ąuoted him, no doubt without reading him, and some of our professors, to say nothing of other citizens, have picked up their habit of fishing for what they like, and throwing back the rest, in Tocqueville's great work Democracy in America."(.)