Suchergebnisse

We explored spontaneous self-concept among 227 Chinese undergraduates at a university in Hong Kong. Participants' responses to the Twenty Statements Test (TST) were compared with those of North American college students from the 1950s to the 2000s. The results showed that only 13.7%
of the Chinese students described themselves in terms of social roles, status, or group membership. In contrast, 84.6% perceived themselves in terms of personality traits, behaviors, and emotion. Our findings suggest that Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong are no less individualistic than
their American counterparts. Moreover, the individualism–collectivism cultural dimension may not be useful in distinguishing North American students from those in Hong Kong.

Drug markets are dynamic systems which change based on demand, competition, legislation and revenue. Shifts that are not met with immediate and appropriate responses from the healthcare system can lead to public health crises with tragic levels of morbidity and mortality, as experienced Europe in the early 1990s and as is the case in North America currently. The major feature of the current drug market shift in North America is towards highly potent synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and fentanyl analogues. An additional spike in stimulant use further complicates this issue. Without understanding the ever-changing dynamics of drug markets and consequent patterns of drug use, the healthcare system will continue to be ineffective in its response, and morbidity and mortality will continue to increase. Economic perspectives are largely neglected in research and clinical contexts, but better treatment alternatives need to consider the large-scale macroeconomic conditions of drug markets as well as the behavioural economics of individual substance use. It is important for policy makers, health authorities, first responders and medical providers to be aware of the clinical implications of drug market changes in order to best serve people who use drugs. Only with significant clinical research, a comprehensive reorganization of the system of care across all sectors, and an evidence-driven governance, will we be successful in addressing the challenges brought on by the recent shifts in drug markets.