Suchergebnisse

The outbreak of Covid-19 accelerated the practice of digital survival, and the "health code" launched based on the needs of epidemic prevention and control has become the representative of digital survival media, which is jointly built by science and technology enterprises and government departments. it has realized the full-state use in China, and accumulated long-term digital survival experience for the country, enterprises and individuals. At the same time, there are some media ethical problems in the use of Health Code, such as distinguishing users, leaking information, imprisoning the body and leading to the lack of subjects. In order to resolve the risk, we should re-examine the relationship between people and the media from the perspective of the subject, treat "health code" as a digital projection of personal health, and regain the service principle of digital technology. Humanize the "health code" and other digital media.

Engels discussed tariff and the related issues on many occasions in his writings. Using "tariff" as the keyword, we search all the 50 volumes of Marx and Engels Collected Works and find out two important stages in which Engels formulated intensively tariff and related issues. The first one is 1845–1853, when Engels mainly elaborated from the perspective of the impact of tariffs on the interests of various classes in the European nations, and the second one is 1879–1893, when he mainly elaborated from the perspective of the relation between tariff policies and the stage of economic development in the United States and the roles played by the tariff policies in the national competition. At the second stage, standing at the height of world history and starting from competition and evolution, Engels made a comprehensive and in-depth illustration of the changes in the US tariff policies and their roles; at this stage, he recognized to a certain extent some of List's thoughts on tariff, which is not in conflict with his criticism of List at the first stage. The essence of Engels's thoughts on tariffs is the multi-level investigation based on his profound historical insight and grand global vision. Engels's thoughts of the political economy formulated on the development and evolution of the tariff policies and their roles and mechanisms after the US Civil War are still of great practical significance even for nowadays.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of self-employment, using data from the British Household Panel Survey.Design/methodology/approach– Using the maximum likelihood estimation, the authors estimate the Probit models via disaggregation of the sample by male and female, and inclusion of regional and industrial controls.Findings– This paper finds that the intergenerational links in self-employment run significantly through father-son, and mother-daughter. In addition, the authors find that lump-sum endowment, aspiration, marriage and education attainment are all significant and positive determinants for female self-employed while insignificant for male self-employed. Variables including number of children, health of the individual, and age effect are more important determinants for male than for female self-employed.Research limitations/implications– The findings show that there are significant differences between male and female self-employed. Future studies on self-employment should therefore distinguish the two genders in their econometric models.Originality/value– The authors reinforce and add to the exiting literature on gender differences in the determinants of self-employment. The authors disaggregate the data by gender, and introduce some important variables for empirical studies, such as father self-employed, mother self-employed, aspiration, health of the individual, and age effect.

This paper describes and analyses public discussions within Kam (in Chinese, Dong ?) minority communities in rural southwestern China concerning potential wider online access to one major, recently established archive of Kam song and other cultural recordings. The future of much of the music-making featured in these recordings is uncertain, and this is one reason why the creation of this sustainable digital archive (with PARADISEC) has been enthusiastically supported within Kam communities. However, many issues are currently influencing Kam debate over wider access to this important collection. Using quotations from Kam people's public discussions concerning potential 'fair use' access to this collection (with most discussions also documented on video during 2011 and to be uploaded into the same Kam archive under discussion), this paper summarises and explores Kam people's varying understandings of and views towards the proposed 'fair use' access agreement. As such, it also offers a valuable first-hand insight into custodians' own responses to archival policy and practice. Kam peoples' discussions are framed within the broader analysis I (first author, [name removed]) present of the current cultural, political, and socio-economic dynamics influential regarding both Kam minority communities in particular and recordings of traditional musics from the Asia-Pacific region in general (especially the high-profile court cases involving world-popular bands Deep Forest (Zemp 1996) and Enigma (Guy 2002, Tan forthcoming)). The paper concludes by examining points of convergence and divergence between Kam attitudes and Western archival requirements, and makes initial attempts to suggest how these might be accommodated within agreements permitting some access to the archive beyond that of the depositor (first author, [name removed]) and members of Kam communities themselves.References cited:Guy, Nancy. 2002. 'Trafficking in Taiwan Aboriginal voices.' In Sjoerd R. Jaarsma (ed.) Handle with care: Ownership and control of ...