Petrology and isotopic evolution of granulites from central Madurai Block (southern India): reference to Ediacaran crustal evolution
In: International Geology Review, S. 1-24
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In: International Geology Review, S. 1-24
In: Statistical papers, Band 64, Heft 2, S. 449-475
ISSN: 1613-9798
In: International journal of sustainable development & world ecology, Band 24, Heft 6, S. 545-553
ISSN: 1745-2627
In: Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, S. 159-176
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In: International journal of sustainable development & world ecology, Band 26, Heft 5, S. 460-470
ISSN: 1745-2627
In: Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87 (11): 1528–34, November 2017
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Magnetization and high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements of the Kitaev-Heisenberg material α− RuCl3 reveal a pressure-induced crystallographic and magnetic phase transition at a hydrostatic pressure of p∼0.2 GPa. This structural transition into a triclinic phase is characterized by a very strong dimerization of the Ru-Ru bonds, accompanied by a collapse of the magnetic susceptibility. Ab initio quantum-chemistry calculations disclose a pressure-induced enhancement of the direct 4d−4d bonding on particular Ru-Ru links, causing a sharp increase of the antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. These combined experimental and computational data show that the Kitaev spin-liquid phase in α−RuCl3 strongly competes with the crystallization of spin singlets into a valence bond solid. ; This research has been supported by the DFG via SFB 1143 and WO 1532/3-2 and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 796048. M. Mezouar is acknowledged for providing beamtime at ID27 at the ESRF and for fruitful discussions. S.P.L. is grateful to CONICET for financial support during her stay at the ESRF. R.Y. and L.H. acknowledge Ulrike Nitzsche for technical support as concerns the ab initio calculations. P.L.K and D.G.M. were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Initiative Grant No. GBMF4416. S.N. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division under contract DE-AC0500OR22725 with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. ; Peer reviewed
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Importance Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care.
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