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AbstractThe approach of combining diverse policy instruments is increasingly being applied to address complex environmental and sustainability issues. For such an approach of policy mix to be effective, broader contextual and process factors must be taken into account. In this paper, we identify interdepartmental cooperation within the government as a condition for an effective policy mix, especially for China. Taking domestic waste governance as a case study, we collect policy document data from 32 cities across China in the last decade and verify the influential mechanism between the interdepartmental cooperation network and the policy mix through quantitative methods of social network analysis and regression. The empirical results show that the Chinese government has intensified interdepartmental cooperation over the past decade in the area of domestic waste governance, which has facilitated the increased adoption of policy mixes. In addition, a shift in the policy strategy and policy direction of the Chinese government for domestic waste governance can be traced from the changes in the specific departments involved in the cooperation network.

Ecological compensation is an important means for controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution, and compensation methods comprise an essential part of the compensation policy for mitigating this form of pollution. Farmers' choice of compensation methods affects their response to compensation policies as well as the effects of pollution control and ecological compensation efficiency. This study divides ecological compensation methods into two distinct philosophies—the "get a fish" method (GFM) and "get a fishing skill" method (GFSM)—based on policy objectives, to determine farmers' choice between the two methods and the factors influencing this choice. Furthermore, by analyzing survey data of 632 farmers in the Ankang and Hanzhong cities in China and using the multivariate probit model, the study determines farmers' preferred option among four specific compensation modes of GFM and GFSM. The three main results are as follows. (1) The probability of farmers choosing GFM is 82%, while that of choosing GFSM is 51%. Therefore, GFM should receive more attention in compensation policies relating to agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. (2) Of the four compensation modes, the study finds a substitution effect between farmers' choice of capital and technology compensations, capital and project compensations, material and project compensations, while there is a complementary relationship between the choice of material and technology compensations. Therefore, when constructing the compensation policy basket, attention should be given to achieving an organic combination of different compensation methods. (3) Highly educated, young, and male farmers with lower part-time employment, large cultivated land, and a high level of eco-friendly technology adoption and policy understanding are more likely to choose GFSM. Hence, the government should prioritize promoting GFSM for farmers with these characteristics, thereby creating a demonstration effect to encourage transition from GFM to GFSM.

Ecological compensation is an important means for controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution, and compensation methods comprise an essential part of the compensation policy for mitigating this form of pollution. Farmers&rsquo ; choice of compensation methods affects their response to compensation policies as well as the effects of pollution control and ecological compensation efficiency. This study divides ecological compensation methods into two distinct philosophies&mdash ; the &ldquo ; get a fish&rdquo ; method (GFM) and &ldquo ; get a fishing skill&rdquo ; method (GFSM)&mdash ; based on policy objectives, to determine farmers&rsquo ; choice between the two methods and the factors influencing this choice. Furthermore, by analyzing survey data of 632 farmers in the Ankang and Hanzhong cities in China and using the multivariate probit model, the study determines farmers&rsquo ; preferred option among four specific compensation modes of GFM and GFSM. The three main results are as follows. (1) The probability of farmers choosing GFM is 82%, while that of choosing GFSM is 51%. Therefore, GFM should receive more attention in compensation policies relating to agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. (2) Of the four compensation modes, the study finds a substitution effect between farmers&rsquo ; choice of capital and technology compensations, capital and project compensations, material and project compensations, while there is a complementary relationship between the choice of material and technology compensations. Therefore, when constructing the compensation policy basket, attention should be given to achieving an organic combination of different compensation methods. (3) Highly educated, young, and male farmers with lower part-time employment, large cultivated land, and a high level of eco-friendly technology adoption and policy understanding are more likely to choose GFSM. Hence, the government should prioritize promoting GFSM for farmers with these characteristics, thereby creating a demonstration effect to encourage transition from GFM to GFSM.

AbstractResearch Question/IssueIn this study, we explore the relationship between the use of nonfinancial performance measures in Chief Executive Officer (CEO) bonus plans and CEO power, moderated by compensation committee monitoring. Furthermore, we investigate whether the inclusion of nonfinancial performance measures is associated with higher CEO bonus pay sensitivity to shareholder returns.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a sample of FTSE 350 firms during the period 2007–2013, we find that CEO power is significantly negatively related to the propensity of using nonfinancial performance measures. This negative relationship, however, is moderated by higher levels of compensation committee monitoring. We also find that firms combining nonfinancial and financial performance measures in CEO bonus plans tend to have stronger CEO bonus pay sensitivity to shareholder returns than firms using financial measures alone. Thus, our results suggest that boards of directors adopting nonfinancial performance measures are able to better align CEO incentives with shareholder interests. We find similar results when using the weight of nonfinancial performance measures in the bonus plan in our analyses.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study empirically supports the managerial power theory whereby powerful CEOs influence the choice of performance measures in their bonus plans. However, effective compensation committees are found to attenuate the influence of powerful CEOs and to better align their interests with those of shareholders. Our result of stronger bonus pay sensitivity to shareholder returns for firms combining nonfinancial with financial performance measures implies that the informativeness of these measures enhances the firm's ability to tie CEO bonus compensation to shareholder wealth.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study offers insights to members of boards of directors, especially compensation committee members, who are interested in improving the design of executive incentive contracts to better align managerial incentives to shareholder interests. Furthermore, the findings inform regulators about the importance of alternative performance measures in pay‐performance sensitivity and may warrant increased firm disclosure of the details of the pay structure.

Economic transition has posed a serious challenge to environmental protection efforts in China. This study explores the environmental effects of the triple transition process of marketisation, globalisation and decentralisation using data on industrial SO2 and soot emissions at the prefecture-city level. Panel data regression results find that marketisation and decentralisation have been harmful to the urban environment while economic globalisation has been beneficial to urban air quality. As is to be expected, state-owned enterprises have contributed to China's environmental degradation. However, the environmental impacts of the triple processes of economic transition only occur in the coastal and central cities. The results imply that the institutional perspective provides an important angle to understand the issue of environmental deterioration in China.

Abstract:This dissertation joins the contemporary debate on rewriting the history of Chinese architecture by critically (re-)examining the initial stage of discourse formation during the Republican period. Focusing on the ordinary house in the city, I excavate the popular voice on Chinese architecture from the newspapers and magazines, examine the municipal government's effort in modernizing the city and life, as well as the professional community's attempt to establish the authoritative figure of the modern architect to replace that of the traditional craftsman. I show that these different constituencies of Chinese architecture articulated and presented a more vibrant and complex scene of discourse and practice than we have recognized until now. Although each held different forms of power, and focused on different issues, these early interpreters of Chinese architecture nevertheless converged on their understanding of reforming the Chinese house and Chinese architecture. The municipal government's modernizing projects in the city served to bolster the professional community's claim to expertise that culminated in writing a new history of Chinese architecture. This history subsequently became the standard historiography, suppressing and subsuming the popular voice and relegating it to history's dustbin for decades. By retrieving the popular discourse of Chinese architecture from this period, we not only gain a fuller understanding of the formative stage of Chinese architectural historiography, but are also provided with helpful indications pointing to a possible route to rewrite the history of Chinese architecture. Key words: architectural history, Chinese architecture, historiography, popular discourse, modernity in China, modern China