Suchergebnisse

Maritime safety is a significant topic in the maritime industry since the numerous dangers at sea could lead to loss of property, environmental pollution, and even casualties. Existing research illustrates that human factors are the primary reasons of maritime accidents. Indeed, numerous maritime accidents can be classified into different types of human factors. In this context, the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System for Maritime Accidents (HFACS-MA) model is introduced in this paper. The HFACS-MA framework consists of five levels, complying with the core concepts of HFACS and the guiding principles of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Based on the five levels of the framework, this research explores the underlying causes of Chinese Eastern Star, Korean Sewol, and Thai Phoenix accidents, and a comparative analysis is conducted. The analysis demonstrates the utility of applying the HFACS-MA model to the maritime industry, and the results emphasize the importance of the following categories: legislation gaps, organizational process, inadequate supervision, communication (ships and VTS), decision errors, and so on. Consequently, the research enables increased support for HFACS-MA and its application and provides valuable information for safety management and policy development in the maritime industry at different levels.

Intro -- Introduction -- Contents -- 1 Current Situation of Water Pollution in China -- 1.1 Overview of Water Resources in China -- 1.1.1 Lakes (Reservoirs) -- 1.1.2 Rivers -- 1.1.3 Groundwater -- 1.1.4 Marine Water -- 1.2 Overview of Water Pollution in China -- 1.2.1 Lakes (Reservoirs) -- 1.2.2 Rivers -- 1.2.3 Groundwater -- 1.2.4 Marine Water -- References -- 2 Challenges and Opportunities to Treat Water Pollution -- 2.1 Eutrophication -- 2.1.1 The Current Situation of Chinese Lakes and Reservoirs -- 2.1.2 The Status and Harm of Eutrophication of Lakes and Reservoirs in China -- 2.1.3 Pollutant Source of Lakes and Reservoirs -- 2.1.4 Treatment Technologies and Actual Cases -- 2.2 The Current Situation About the Black-Odorous Water Bodies in China -- 2.3 Groundwater Pollution -- 2.3.1 Pollutants in Groundwater -- 2.3.2 Remediation of Polluted Groundwater -- 2.4 Marine Pollution -- 2.4.1 Inorganic Pollutant -- 2.4.2 Organic Pollutant -- 2.4.3 Radioactive Pollutant -- 2.5 Challenges and Opportunities for China's Water Policy to Deal with Water Pollution -- 2.5.1 Introduction of Water Policies, Laws and Regulations in China Related to Water Pollution Control -- 2.5.2 Challenges and Opportunities for China's Water Policy to Water Pollution Control -- References -- 3 Facing Water Pollution Under Rapid Changing Environment: China's Experiences -- 3.1 Source Control and Pollution Interception -- 3.1.1 Point Source Control -- 3.1.2 Non-Point Source Control -- 3.2 Internal Nutrient of Sediment -- 3.2.1 Internal Nutrient Release of Sediment -- 3.2.2 Sediment Remediation Technologies -- 3.3 Ecological Restoration -- 3.3.1 Physical Methods -- 3.3.2 Chemical Methods -- 3.3.3 Biological Methods -- 3.3.4 Restoration by Aquatic Animals -- 3.3.5 Phytoremediation -- 3.3.6 Cases of Applying Ecological Restoration Technology -- 3.4 Water Transfer.