Suchergebnisse

The association of plant extracts and B. thuringiensis may be important in situations that control of different insects species is required and/or control of insects in various development stages. However, extracts may have different effects on B. thuringiensis, compromising their mode of action. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of aqueous plant extracts on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) and their interactions on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebinae). Cherry plant extracts (Eugenia uniflora), pepper (Capsicum baccatum), trumpet (Brugmansia suaveolens) and grape japan (Hovenia dulcis), were used at 5% concentrations. For compatibility studies, the extracts were mixed with Thuricide® (Btk) and the parameters evaluated were Colony Formation Units (CFU mL-1) for spores and, the A. gemmatalis mortality for crystals. The cherry extracts, pepper, and japan grape completely inhibited the CFU ml-1 of Btk and the cherry extract alone negatively affected the toxicity of Btk crystals, with significantly lower mortality of A. gemmatalis (20.40%) than that observed in the control with only Btk (79.44%). In the association between cherry, pepper, and grape japan extracts with B. thuringiensis, the extracts exhibited a negative effect in the formation of CFU. The cherry extract demonstrated a negative effect on crystals action.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on the longevity of workers of Africanized honey bee. Solutions at a concentration of 3 × 108 spores.mL-1 (dosage) were prepared for each strain of Bt (IPS 82, BR 81, and BR 147). Three bioassays were performed as follows: spraying on the bees, contact with the sprayed surface, and candy paste incorporated with Bt. The bees of the Bt bioassay were submitted to histological analysis of the mesenteron. The longevity of workers was assessed from one to 120 hours using different ranges. It was found that the bees that were exposed to the strain of Bt IPS 82, in the spraying test, exhibited a reduced longevity. In the contact test, the BR 147 strain reduced the longevity of the bees. In the food test, in turn, the three studied strains reduced the longevity of the bees as follows: Bt IPS 82: 64.5 hours; Bt BR 81: 64.5 hours; and Bt BR 147: 60.0 hours. The Bt BR 81 strain was considered the most selective of the evaluated strains on Apis mellifera, reducing the longevity of this bee only when it came into contact by the method of ingestion.

EU ; Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) of Austria ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) ; FCT ; MEC ; FEDER ; DURSI ; European Union ; Spanish MCYT ; Junta de Andaluc a ; CICYT ; APART ; European Community through a Marie Curie Fellowship ; MEC Ramon y Cajal ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Fermi Research Alliance ; LLC ; Belgian Federal Science Policy ; RFFI ; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) ; EU: MRTN-CT2004-503369 ; EU: MRTN-CT-2006-035505 ; EU: HPRN-CT-2000149 ; EU: HPRN-CT-2000-00152 ; EU: MRTN-CT-2006-035482 ; Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) of Austria: P18959-N16 ; RFBR: 07-02-00256 ; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT): SFRH/BD/13936/2003 ; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT): SFRH/BD/18762/2004 ; FCT: POCI/FIS/59741/2004 ; FCT: SFRH/BPD/5575/2001 ; FCT: SFRH/BPD/23427/2005 ; FEDER: 2004-04582-C02-01 ; DURSI: 2005SGR00564 ; DURSI: 2001SGR-00188 ; European Union: MEIF-CT2003-500030 ; Spanish MCYT: FPA2003-09298-C02-01 ; Junta de Andaluc a: FQM-101 ; CICYT: FPA2002- 00648 ; LLC: DE-AC0207CH11359 ; Belgian Federal Science Policy: IAP 6/11 ; RFFI: N 07-02-00256 ; German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF): 05HT6WWA ; This chapter of the "Flavor in the era of LHC" workshop report discusses flavor-related issues in the production and decays of heavy states at the LHC at high momentum transfer Q, both from the experimental and the theoretical perspective. We review top quark physics, and discuss the flavor aspects of several extensions of the standard model, such as supersymmetry, little Higgs models or models with extra dimensions. This includes discovery aspects, as well as the measurement of several properties of these heavy states. We also present publicly available computational tools related to this topic.