Suchergebnisse

Grazing permits are the authorization to graze livestock on federally administered 1 and. In the early 1900s, grazing permits were first observed to have value to the rancher over and above the grazing fee charges by the government. Ranchers were willing to pay the fee plus an additional amount to gain access to the permit. It was reported that during this period the privilege to graze federal land became so valuable that it figured in sales contracts for lands adjacent to the forest whose owners held grazing permits. The control of grazing privileges on federal land has been valued by ranchers as a capital asset for over seventy years.

Abstract. Hypothesized direct and interaction relationships among the dependent variable willingness to pay more taxes for support of live artistic communications media and the independent variables of past attendance, education, income, leisure time, and liberalism‐conservatism are tested. Past enjoyment probably makes people more favorable to tax support. Social policy implications of the results are discussed.

AbstractThis article outlines a new method for collecting observational data in preschool classrooms using a combination of state‐of‐the‐art audio and visual equipment, including omnidirectional cameras. This audiovisual recording method capitalizes on the advantages of existing in‐person and mechanical observational designs. For example, the technique presented in this paper allows researchers to seamlessly follow multiple children as they move throughout their classroom and clearly hear conversations among children in noisy settings without having to be present in the observation environment. In addition to providing a step‐by‐step, practical guide for how researchers can use this observational technique in their own work, we give evidence that this method will allow researchers to obtain an incredibly detailed picture of children's behaviors and activities in a fraction of the time and with fewer personnel than is typically required of existing observational designs.

Background: While empirical support for the ICD-11 distinction between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) is growing, empirical research into the ICD-11 model of CPTSD in military populations is scarce and inconsistent. Objective: To replicate a study from our own group identifying distinct classes based on CPTSD symptoms using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and to identify predictors and functional outcomes associated with a potential distinction between PTSD and CPTSD. Method: Formerly deployed treatment-seeking Danish soldiers (N = 294) completed the ITQ and self-report measures of traumatic life events prior to treatment. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to extract classes based on CPTSD symptoms. Results: LPA revealed four classes; (1) high CPTSD symptoms ('CPTSD', 28.7%); (2) high PTSD symptoms and lower DSO symptoms ('PTSD', 23.5%); (3) high DSO symptoms ('DSO', 17.3%); and (4) low symptoms ('Low Symptoms', 30.5%). In comparison to the PTSD-class, CPTSD-class membership was not predicted by traumatic events in adult life and in childhood. The CPTSD class was more often single/divorced/widowed compared to the PTSD class. Moreover, the CPTSD class more often used psychotropic medicine compared to the DSO-class and Low Symptoms-class. Conclusion: Using the ITQ, this study yields empirical support for the ICD-11 model of CPTSD within a clinical sample of veterans. The results replicate findings from our previous study that also identified distinct profiles of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD.

Background: Depression is a common psychopathological outcome following military deployment. Previous studies have reported differing rates of post-deployment depression, indicating that the toll of war differs across missions. However, it is unclear to what degree the varying prevalence is due methodological differences. Studies comparing rates of depression across cohorts using the same methodology and ensuring measurement invariance are rare, leaving us with limited knowledge on the actual depression prevalence variance across missions. Objective: Applying Rasch models (RM), we aim to validate a measure of depression distributed to all personnel deployed with the Danish Defense since 1998. The main focus was establishing a sufficient sum score and measurement invariance relative to deployment cohort. Method: Two cohorts of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) deployed to Afghanistan in 2009 (ISAF7, N = 265) and 2013 (ISAF15, N = 271) were included. Participants filled out a questionnaire concerning their Psychological Reactions to International Missions (PRIM) approximately seven months after home-coming. The questionnaire included a 10-item scale of depression symptoms (PRIM-Depression). The validity of the PRIM-Depression was tested using RM with specific focus on differential item functioning (DIF) across the two cohorts. Results: The PRIM-Depression scale displayed excellent overall consistency and showed no problems with monotonicity or homogeneity. However, the full PRIM-Depression scale did not fit a pure RM. We therefore tested the fit of items to a graphical log-linear RM and found evidence of DIF for two items relative to cohort. We proceeded without these two items and tested the resulting 8-item version which fitted a pure RM without DIF on any of the exogenous variables. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the 10-item PRIM-Depression scale should be used to compare cohorts only with appropriate score equation. The 8-item version provides a sufficient statistic and can as such be applied using the raw score.

AbstractThis study investigates demand/withdraw communication and spousal expressions of gratitude as intervening variables in the association between financial distress and marital quality. With a sample of 468 married individuals, dual‐mediation models revealed demand/withdraw transmitted the effect of financial distress onto 3 different marital outcomes; in most instances, this indirect effect occurred through total couple demand/withdraw and not one spouse‐specific pattern. In moderated mediation models, spousal gratitude exerted main effects on all marital outcomes and, for a subset of outcomes, protective effects for couples with high levels of demand/withdraw. Results elucidate how demand/withdraw patterns link financial distress to marital outcomes and highlight spousal gratitude expressions as a promising, yet understudied, process within couples that promotes and protects marital quality.

I et samarbejde mellem DR, Aarhus Universitet og Århundredets Festival i Aarhus udgiver Aarhus Universitetsforlag nu et nyt flermedialt, elevhenvendt undervisningsmateriale til gymnasiet. Det dækker 13 forskellige fag. Lige så mange gymnasielærere har deltaget i udviklingsarbejdet sammen med 18 forskere og forfattere. Resultatet udkommer i 200.000 eksemplarer.Hvordan blev spiren lagt til vor tids videnskabelige viden om universet? I hvilken type økonomi kunne en fæstebonde arbejde sig op og blive en globalt orienteret købmand? Hvornår defineres folkesuveræniteten, som mange anser for truet i d

AbstractSocial media and crowdsourcing (SMCS) are increasingly used as tools to govern disasters. Nevertheless, we have a limited understanding of how these technologies support disaster risk management (DRM). Based on a comprehensive literature review of 237 papers, we present a state‐of‐the‐art of the research field linking SMCS with DRM. The paper provides insights into major trends in research published from 2008 to 2023. It maps the use of SMCS across disaster phases, disaster types, research design, and geographies before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Our results show that existing research predominantly focuses on preparedness and response activities. Moreover, research on SMCS tends to favor (single) case studies and secondary data, and despite a minor shift following the COVID‐19 pandemic, research is dominated by North America, South Asia, Australia, and Europe. There is very little research coming from severely disaster‐prone regions in the Global South on SMCS in disasters with a few exceptions. Research should focus on the power shifts that these technologies produce, the contexts in which they are supposed to be applied, and the sociocultural conditions that co‐produce, potentially vulnerable, outcomes of SMCS in disaster risk management.