Suchergebnisse

Despite the well-documented effect of parental attitudes and their socioeconomic status on interethnic partnerships, little is known about how family relations are associated with interethnic partner choices. The present study investigates whether cohesive and affective family ties as well as the family structure is connected to interethnic partnerships. Based on data from wave five of the German Family Panel (pairfam), I estimate logistic regression models for natives and migrants separately. Results indicate that for natives, cohesive and affective relations are not connected to interethnic partnerships. For migrants, cohesive relations have a detrimental effect on being in an interethnic partnership. Overall, these findings suggest that family processes may help to understand why some migrant groups are more likely to be in an interethnic union than others.

Deutschland ist weltweit eines der wichtigsten Zielländer für internationale Migration, und vor diesem Hintergrund stellen sich vielfältige Fragen zu den sozialen Folgen der Zuwanderung. Der Bundesinnenminister hat zu dieser Problematik eine unabhängige Sachverständigenkommission eingesetzt, die bis Mitte 2001 konkrete Vorschläge für die Politik erarbeiten soll. Trotz unverkennbarer ausländerfeindlicher Tendenzen geht mit dem gestiegenen Ausländeranteil in Deutschland nicht nur eine Zunahme der Kontakte zwischen der deutschen und ausländischen Bevölkerung einher, sondern auch eine Zunahme der Eheschließungen von deutschen und ausländischen Bürgern (Schmidt und Weick 1998). Von den Kontexten in der Familie und der Wahl der Ehepartner hängt es auch in starkem Maße ab, ob sich bestehende Segregationen und soziale Ungleichheiten in den verschiedenen Migrantengruppen auflösen oder ob sie über Generationen aufrechterhalten werden.

Abstract
Why does human prosociality vary around the world? Evolutionary models and laboratory experiments suggest that possibilities for partner choice (i.e. the ability to leave unprofitable relationships and strike up new ones) should promote cooperation across human societies. Leveraging the Global Preferences Survey (n = 27,125; 27 countries) and the World Values Survey (n = 54,728; 32 countries), we test this theory by estimating the associations between relational mobility, a socioecological measure of partner choice, and a wide variety of prosocial attitudes and behaviours, including impersonal altruism, reciprocity, trust, collective action and moral judgements of antisocial behaviour. Contrary to our pre-registered predictions, we found little evidence that partner choice is related to prosociality across countries. After controlling for shared causes of relational mobility and prosociality – environmental harshness, subsistence style and geographic and linguistic proximity – we found that only altruism and trust in people from another religion are positively related to relational mobility. We did not find positive relationships between relational mobility and reciprocity, generalised trust, collective action or moral judgements. These findings challenge evolutionary theories of human cooperation which emphasise partner choice as a key explanatory mechanism, and highlight the need to generalise models and experiments to global samples.

Several studies have shown that immigrants marrying natives experience better economic outcomes than those marrying other immigrants, but we know less about partner choice and the economic outcomes of the children of immigrants and among those forming cohabiting unions. Utilizing Norwegian register data from all cohabiting and marital unions formed between 2006 and 2018 involving second-generation and childhood immigrants ( N = 49,692 couples, 65% cohabiting), we explored how partner choice relates to employment status, individual income, and household income for up to 14 years after union formation. Overall, children of immigrants with native partners were more frequently employed and earned higher incomes than those who chose partners from migrant-backgrounds. Fixed effects model results confirmed that children of immigrants who partnered endogamously experienced less favorable employment and individual income trajectories compared to those partnering with natives. We discovered similar negative impacts on the likelihood of employment and on the individual incomes of men who partnered exogamously with migrant-background women. However, when ignoring initial selection and shifting focus solely to changes post-union formation, we found that partnering endogamously had a positive effect on household income. In general, we observed the strongest effects among women and those married, and we noticed important differences across global regions of origin.

Wargames are games that present conflicts, usually historical and military, using game tokens that represent specific participants in the conflict, interacting on a map or other representation of the conflict in ways described by a set of rules that provides deterministic or randomized outcomes for each interaction. They have been important for military strategy since the nineteenth century, and the study of wargames has focused on their military applications. The civilian hobby version of wargaming that developed in America in the 1950s has received less attention. My literature review showed that little is known about the relationships of wargame players and how they network with each other. I also found that studies of player networks in online multiplayer games have applications for understanding user behaviors and how players value and curate their relationships. Applying a similar approach to player networks in analog games offers the chance to gain new insights from a very different set of relationships. I decided to interview individuals who participated in the wargaming hobby between the mid-1950s and the late 1970s. My aim was to document their experiences and their interactions with other wargamers to understand how they established, maintained, and valued relationships with other players. I conducted 18 semi-structured interviews during 2020, then applied thematic analysis to find common elements in their play histories and relationships. The research showed that the informants' experiences fell into two different groups that reflected cultural changes in America from the 1950s to the 1970s. The informants' stable player networks were small collections of relationships that the informants valued heterogeneously, and their closest relationships extended beyond gameplay to involve emotional compatibility as much or more as utilitarian benefits. The results suggest that the intimate nature of face-to-face board game play may have an impact on how wargamers manage their relationships, and that design ...

In a bid to help Pacific island states become more resilient to cyber attacks such as the one Vanuatu suffered in 2022, Australia outlined a vision to become the partner of choice for cyber security ...

Ein Beispiel für eine sinnvolle Vernetzung von Soziologie und Ökonomie soll durch eine Analyse des Partnersuch- bzw. wahlverhaltens geleistet werden. In der gegenwärtigen Familiensoziologie wird (in Variationen) immer noch von den ursprünglichen Konzepten der Endogamie oder Homogamie ausgegangen. Individualistische Entscheidungstheorien finden kaum Anwendung wenn es darum geht, die Entscheidung für einen bestimmten Partner zu begründen. Die ökonomische Suchtheorie bietet einen Ansatzpunkt für eine individualistische Analyse der Partnerwahl. Dabei wird die rationale Suchentscheidung einer Person als 'optimal stopping'-Problem formuliert, und aufbauend auf dieser theoretischen Spezifikation werden wesentliche Einflußfaktoren auf den optimalen Suchprozeß untersucht. Viele der aus der Theorie gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bieten eine kohärente Erklärung für das in der Realität zu beobachtende, individuelle Suchverhalten nach Partnern. (TL2)

PurposeThis study aims to examine the international joint venture (IJV) partnership strategy in Europe from an institutional perspective. A firm operating in a foreign country via an IJV can partner with a local firm from the host country, a firm from the same home country or a firm from a third country. This study takes the first step in examining the determinants of these partner choices.Design/methodology/approachThis study tests hypotheses based on a data set of 637 IJVs in Europe.FindingsForeign firms are less likely to operate in a partnership with a firm from the home country or from a third country (compared to operate in a partnership with a local firm) when the host country institutions are weaker or institutional distance is larger. Also, foreign firms' disinclination to operate in a partnership with a firm from the home/third country when the host country institutions are weaker or institutional distance is larger will diminish with greater host-country experience.Practical implicationsThis study provides important insights for firms for evaluating partner choice and potential collaborations in the European region with heterogenous institutions.Originality/valueThe partner choice among the above three forms has been neglected in the literature. This study first conceptualized that the institutional profile of the host country and institutional distance between the host country and the home country can determine the partner choice.

Although networked collaboration is often linked to positive outcomes, choosing suitable partners for collaboration can be difficult. Actors often only have limited information about the preferences, capabilities, and trustworthiness of prospective collaborators, meaning that considerable uncertainty may underlie collaborative choices. This article analyses the decision-making uncertainty associated with collaborative choices and assesses factors that potentially mitigate such uncertainty. Based on qualitative research, it presents a conceptual model that brings together and specifies mitigating factors at the network-, organizational, and individual-levels of analysis. The developed conceptual model provides a clearer theoretical understanding and presentation of the cross-level factors important to consider when studying collaborative behaviour. In addition, through its focus on uncertainty, it provides more consideration of the challenges that individual officials face when choosing collaborators in complex networked environments.