Suchergebnisse

Previous empirical studies have made contributions to the understanding of the impact of telecommuting on individual travel patterns. There has been much less research that has examined the impact of telecommuting on commute travel at the household level. Using data from the 2001 and 2009 US National Household Travel Surveys, this study focuses on one-worker and two-worker households and investigates how telecommuting affects household one-way commute distance and duration. The results show that telecommuting increases the commute distance and duration for both one-worker households and two-worker households. It is also found that, in two-worker households, the telecommuting status of one worker does not increase the commute distance and duration of the other worker. These findings suggest that telecommuting (two-worker) households tend to choose locations involving a longer total one-way commute than non-telecommuting households, and this difference is largely due to the longer commute of their telecommuting members.

In Korea, some dual-earner married couples, where both husbands and wives have careers, live separately because their workplaces are located too far for a daily commute. These "commuter couples" are on the rise all over the world. In general, physical closeness is important for the quality of the relationships; thus, marital satisfaction is one of the most important issues in the literature on commuter couples. While some studies found a lower quality of relationships among commuter couples, others found cohesive and trustful relationships in these couples. However, the existing studies were conducted mainly with convenience samples of specific occupational groups in developed countries. Using a recent representative sample of commuter couples in Korea, this study found that commuter couples report lower levels of marital satisfaction compared to typical dual-earner couples. Additionally, this study found that in commuter couples, wives feel less marital satisfaction compared to their husbands.

Given the conspicuous lack of adequate research on commute time in the Indian intra-urban context, the research questions we answer in this article are: what is the average commute time to work for residents? What does this imply for the city's effective labour market? What are the determinants of commute time to work? This article studies the questions for a large Indian city, known for its traffic gridlocks. Given that published data on journey-to-work is not readily available for Indian cities, we report findings from primary surveys of commuters travelling to work in Bengaluru. The actual time taken by commuters to reach their workplace is 42.45 minutes one-way, implying an insignificant reduction in the city's effective labour market since 2001. We use geographic information systems to map the sectoral flow of workers and their origins and destinations within the city. Estimating regressions of the determinants of commute time, we find that workers in government jobs travel longer to get to work, elevation has a negative effect on commute time, and commute distance positively impacts travel time. The contribution of the article is the report of an Indian city's commute time and its determinants, which can be used to influence policy. JEL Classification: R12, R41, R42

This is the accepted version of a paper published as: Monchambert, G., & De Palma, A. (2014). Public transport reliability and commuter strategy. Journal of Urban Economics, 81, 14-29.This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Access to the published version may require subscription.N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper ; International audience ; We consider the modeling of a bi-modal competitive network involving a public transport mode, which may be unreliable, and an alternative mode. Commuters select a transport mode and their arrival time at the station when they use public transport. The public transport reliability set by the public transport firm at the competitive equilibrium increases with the alternative mode fare, via a demand effect. This is reminiscent of the Mohring effect. The study of the optimal service quality shows that often, public transport reliability and thereby patronage are lower at equilibrium compared to first-best social optimum. The paper provides some public policy insights.

This is the accepted version of a paper published as: Monchambert, G., & De Palma, A. (2014). Public transport reliability and commuter strategy. Journal of Urban Economics, 81, 14-29.This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Access to the published version may require subscription.N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper ; International audience ; We consider the modeling of a bi-modal competitive network involving a public transport mode, which may be unreliable, and an alternative mode. Commuters select a transport mode and their arrival time at the station when they use public transport. The public transport reliability set by the public transport firm at the competitive equilibrium increases with the alternative mode fare, via a demand effect. This is reminiscent of the Mohring effect. The study of the optimal service quality shows that often, public transport reliability and thereby patronage are lower at equilibrium compared to first-best social optimum. The paper provides some public policy insights.

This is the accepted version of a paper published as: Monchambert, G., & De Palma, A. (2014). Public transport reliability and commuter strategy. Journal of Urban Economics, 81, 14-29.This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Access to the published version may require subscription.N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper International audience We consider the modeling of a bi-modal competitive network involving a public transport mode, which may be unreliable, and an alternative mode. Commuters select a transport mode and their arrival time at the station when they use public transport. The public transport reliability set by the public transport firm at the competitive equilibrium increases with the alternative mode fare, via a demand effect. This is reminiscent of the Mohring effect. The study of the optimal service quality shows that often, public transport reliability and thereby patronage are lower at equilibrium compared to first-best social optimum. The paper provides some public policy insights.

SummaryClass & Community in English Commuter VillagesIn the study of mentally urbanised rural areas there has been a lack both of empirical investigation and of a conceptual framework. The studies within the London Metropolitan Region, reported here, demonstrate that the taking of employment outside the village has a less disruptive effect on the community's social structure than the introduction of a new class element. When new, mobile, managerial and professional commuters move into a village, they live in a completely different social and physical world from the village working class, and this has the effect of polarising the community on class lines, replacing the traditional hierarchical structure. Assuming continuing immigration into parts of rural England, some lines of research are suggested: the social origins and interaction patterns of subgroups of the middle class should be analysed, and further work conducted on the reactions to change in the working class community. The rural sociologist might thus be in an excellent position to analyse national changes in a local setting.RésuméClasses Et Communauté Dans Les Villages Anglais De BanlieueIl y a eu dans l'étude des zones rurales urbanisées, une lacune, à la fois dans la recherche empirique et dans le cadre de travail conceptuel. Les etudes éaites dans la région londonienne et exposées ici montrent que le fait de prendre un emploi en dehors du village à, sur la structure sociale de la communauté un effet moindre que l'introduaion d'une classe nouvelle. Lorsque de nouveaux »naveteurs« des groupes de cadres et de dirigeants s'installent dans un village, ils vivent dans un monde social et physique entitrèment différent de celui de la classe laborieuse de ce village. Ceci a pour effet de faire évoluer la communauté vers une structure de classes remplaçant la traditionnelle structure hiérarchique.En supposant une immigration continue vers certaines zones rurales anglaises, des lignes de recherche peuvent être suggérées: les origines sociales et les modèles d'interactions des sous‐groupes de la classe moyenne devraient être analysés et un travail ultérieur être mené sur les réaction au changements dans la communauté de la classe laborieuse.Le sociologue rural pourrait être ainsi dans une excellente position pour analyser les transformations nationales dans un cadre local.ZusammenfassungKlasse Und Gemeinschaft in Enclischen AuspendlerdörfernFür das Studium ländlicher Gebiete mit städtischen Verhaltensweisen fehlen sowohl empirische Untersuchungen als auch der Rahmen eines Konzeptes. Die Studien innerhalb des Londoner Stadtgebietes, über die hier berichtet wird, zeigen, daß die Arbeitsaufnahme außerhalb des Dorfes weniger desintegrierend auf die Sozialstruktur der Gemeinschaft wirkt als vielmehr die Einführung eines neuen Klassen‐elementes bedeutet. Wenn sich neue, bewegliche Führungskräfte und Facharbeiter als Pendler in einem Dorf niederlassen, leben diese in einer sozialen und physischen Welt, die sich gänzlich unterscheidet von der der arbeitenden Schicht des Dorfes. Dadurch entsteht ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen dem Klassen, das die traditionale hierarchische Struktur ersetzt. Aus der Annahme, daß sich die Wanderungsbewegung in Teile des ländlichen Englands fortsetzt, ergeben sich einige Richtlinien für die Forschung: Der soziale Ursprung und die Formen der Wechselwirkung von Untergruppen der Mittelklasse sollten analysiert werden und die weiteren Arbeiten auf die Auswirkungen der Wandlungen in der Gemeinschaft der arbeitenden Klasse abheben. Der Landsoziologe dürfte so in der Lage sein, globale Veränderungen auf örtlicher Ebene zu analysieren.