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We live in an era of pervasive connectivity. At an astonishing pace, much of the world's population is joining a common network. The proliferation of communications and information technology creates very significant changes for statecraft. But we have to keep in mind that the Internet is not a magic potion for political and social progress. Technology by itself is agnostic. It simply amplifies the existing sociologies on the ground, for good or ill. And it is much better at organizing protest movements than organizing institutions to support new governments in place of those that have been toppled. Diplomacy in the twenty-first century must grapple with both the potential and the limits of technology in foreign policy, and respond to the disruptions that it causes in international relations.

The handbook delves into the shifting power dynamics in diplomacy, exploring the establishment of embassies in technology hubs, the challenges faced by foreign affairs departments in adapting to digital technologies, and the utilization of digital tools as a means of exerting influence.

This handbook delves into the shifting power dynamics in diplomacy, exploring the establishment of embassies in technology hubs, the challenges faced by foreign affairs departments in adapting to digital technologies, and the utilization of digital tools as a means of exerting influence.

The paper discusses the digitization of diplomacy and the consular assistance at the present stage of the communication technologies development. Globalization, and especially the rapid development of the mass media and social media has affected almost every citizen. This process allowed the Foreign offices to come closer to resolving the issue of smart personal communication with nationals who are abroad. The first part of the paper analyzes the possibilities of using the power of the modern social media by the Ministries of foreign affairs to create and maintain effective crisis communication. The second part of the article focuses on the analysis of a digital consular assistance to nationals at home and abroad using the example of a specialized application created by the US Department of State.

В статье автор проводит анализ развития цифровой дипломатии и дипломатии данных на современном этапе. Отличительной чертой является то, что автором сделано сравнение нескольких стран в этой области, подчеркнуты как плюсы, так и указаны возможные недостатки. Приведенные примеры и сделанные автором прогнозы дают возможность взглянуть на вопрос развития цифровой дипломатии под другим углом. Автором высказывается мнение о том, что цифровая дипломатия представляет собой очень мощный инструмент, через который потом будет расширено понятие «мягкая сила».

In the age of globalization and the dominance of digital technologies, public diplomacy is no longer the prerogative of politicians, as the number of agents of influence is constantly increasing. Openness and publicity dictate new rules of the political game and, accordingly, make new demands on public diplomacy of the state. In light of the global Covid-19 pandemic, digital technologies are becoming especially relevant, strengthening the importance of digital diplomacy as the newest direction of public diplomacy. The purpose of this paper is to study the international experience of integrated inclusion of digital diplomacy into the arsenal of public diplomacy and the opportunities and problems to apply that experience for the digitalization of Ukrainian public diplomacy.
The need to understand digital diplomacy is determined by a number of factors, in particular, increasing information flows, the inclusion of diplomatic communication in the global context of networking, the use of new communication channels and tools as well as its intensity, and the emergence of new types of influence on the audience in diplomatic practice.
The experience of the leading world's democracies shows the potential of digital diplomacy as a strategic resource for promoting national interests and implementation of diplomatic tasks and state political doctrine. The essence of the cultural and political dimension of digital diplomacy is that the use of the latest information and communication tools in the foreign policy area contributes to strengthening the attractive image of the political culture of the state, ensuring the main goals of the country's economy in the world economic space, as well as the promotion of national identity abroad. Digital diplomacy is a tool for spreading democratic values ​​worldwide that creates a basis for global unity.
Opportunities for the development of "digital diplomacy" in Ukraine seem to be limited by the lack of national information and communication strategy, the shortage of trained professionals, and a number of risks inherent in working on the Internet. Nevertheless, digital diplomacy in Ukraine is actively developing, involving more and more stakeholders in the process of information exchange. That is facilitated by the very nature of social media, which, like any living organism, is constantly evolving.

The purpose of the article is to find out the essence of digital diplomacy as a component of public diplomacy. The research methodology is based on the application of an interdisciplinary approach, which made it possible to clarify the specifics of the discourse of digital diplomacy. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the attempt to comprehensively analyze the discourse of digital diplomacy as a component of public diplomacy in the subject area of information affairs. Conclusions. It is noted that due to the development of new methods of analyzing the behaviour of social network users, digital diplomacy has become an effective tool not only in political information campaigns but also in cultural policy. For this purpose, services and special web-applications SocioViz, NVivo, Google Trends, etc. are used. Today, the effectiveness of the message in digital diplomacy is achieved by maximizing the range of readers and viewers. It is concluded that digital diplomacy has the capacity to implement a policy of 'soft power', to develop concerted action to overcome society and political and socio-cultural crises, as well as to develop measures to prevent them. It is emphasized that the processing of big data and the use of artificial intelligence for the purposes of digital diplomacy is a requirement of the time (so-called data diplomacy).

The article presents a comparative analysis of the official presence on the Internet, including social networking sites, of the state diplomatic agencies of France, Italy, Russia, and others. A new form of "digital diplomacy" on the one hand provides new opportunities for the implementation of the state international politics, and on the other, imposes special requirements on its members. There is the feedback loop between the diplomatic and public agencies (a new phenomenon of the modern information society). Social media play an important role in shaping public opinion, which puts forward specific requirements for how information on the official pages of diplomatic offices in social networks. The new format of close cooperation between the public and diplomatic agencies makes the modern diplomacy more public and less restrained. In these circumstances, it is very important information without losing the initiative and applying new and modern means of communication with their particular style of communication, they can not fall the level of political culture, as happened with the diplomatic authorities of the USA and some other countries. Thus, the ongoing technological revolution complicates the interaction between the participants of international relations. The usage of digital technologies in the diplomatic activity opens up new possibilities for conducting a policy of «soft power» aimed to develop concerted action to overcome the political, social and economic crises, as well as develop the measures to prevent them.

Summary
Public diplomacy is increasingly facilitated through social media. Government leaders and diplomats are using social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to communicate with foreign publics, changing the dynamics of interaction between broadcaster and audience. The key to understanding the power of social media in public diplomacy is the role of emotion in digital diplomacy strategies: social media statements relating to state identity can incite strong emotions that have the potential to undermine heretofore positive diplomatic relations, or provide communicative openings that move towards ameliorating crises. Examining the interaction of social media, emotion and identity provides insight into the increasing importance of digital diplomacy and the future challenges relating to digital disinformation that lie ahead.

Introduction -- Chapter 1. Artificial Intelligence : to strengthen or to replace traditional diplomacy -- Chapter 2. Artificial Intelligence: A New Tool For Dimplomats -- Chapter 3. Data Sovereingty: New Challenges For Diplomacy -- Chapter 4. Cyber security new threats for diplomacy -- Chapter 5. "Always There": How Diplomats Deal with Visibility Injunction in the Digital Public Sphere -- Chapter 6. Digitalization Between Security And Order And Democracy And Liberalism -- Chapter 7. Digital Diplomacy And International Regulation of The Web -- Chapter 8. Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence, New Challenges For Diplomacy And International Psychological Security -- Chapter 9. Artificial Intelligence - The New Tool For Cyber Diplomacy, The Case of The European Union. Chapter 10. European Digital Diplomacy Towards Russia: A Cross-Country Social Media Analysis -- Chapter 11. Foreign Birds on The Wire - Goals And Rhetorical Ethos in Embassies' And Ambassadors' Twitter Communication -- Chapter 12. The Potential And Limits of US Digital Diplomacy In The Middle East And North Africa -- Chapter 13. Twitter Diplomacy on CPEC: Impact on the triangular relationships between the Pak-China and the USA -- Chapter 14. Effective Digital Diplomacy? A Case Study of The British Embassy in Egypt.