Suchergebnisse

Integration via economic activity (IEA) gathers different structures (associations andcompanies) that set to work unemployed in difficulty so that they may have a subsequent accessto employment. This thesis studies the action of federations of agencies for integration.Positioned at the interface between political and administrative officials and experts ofstructures for integration, these federations try to regulate tension and controverses within theIAE area. From an ethnographic survey based on participant observations and interviews withstakeholders of the IAE, this research first emphasizes strategic alliances and resistancebetween federations. The thesis then questions the involvment of the federations in the reformsof the IAE. If they claim to represent the interests of the IAE stakeholders, they also set themselves as representatives of government demands as far as «performance» and «goodmanagement» are concerned. Finally, this research shows the arrival of a new generation ofexperts in job integration, whose social trajectories and individual ambitions are ajusted to theneeds and expectations of these federations. This thesis is at the crossroads of a communitywork sociology and of policies in the field of employment and integration, and it also intendsto shed light on the problem of the social policies transformations implemented by theassociations. ; L'insertion par l'activité économique (IAE) regroupe des associations et des entreprises quimettent au travail des chômeurs « en difficulté » afin de faciliter leur accès ultérieur à l'emploi.Cette thèse se penche sur l'action des fédérations de structures d'insertion. Positionnées àl'interface entre les responsables politiques et administratifs et les professionnels des structuresd'insertion, ces fédérations tentent de réguler les tensions et les controverses au sein de l'espacede l'IAE. À partir d'une enquête ethnographique reposant sur des observations participantes etdes entretiens avec des acteurs de l'IAE, cette recherche met d'abord l'accent sur les ...

Integration via economic activity (IEA) gathers different structures (associations andcompanies) that set to work unemployed in difficulty so that they may have a subsequent accessto employment. This thesis studies the action of federations of agencies for integration.Positioned at the interface between political and administrative officials and experts ofstructures for integration, these federations try to regulate tension and controverses within theIAE area. From an ethnographic survey based on participant observations and interviews withstakeholders of the IAE, this research first emphasizes strategic alliances and resistancebetween federations. The thesis then questions the involvment of the federations in the reformsof the IAE. If they claim to represent the interests of the IAE stakeholders, they also set themselves as representatives of government demands as far as «performance» and «goodmanagement» are concerned. Finally, this research shows the arrival of a new generation ofexperts in job integration, whose social trajectories and individual ambitions are ajusted to theneeds and expectations of these federations. This thesis is at the crossroads of a communitywork sociology and of policies in the field of employment and integration, and it also intendsto shed light on the problem of the social policies transformations implemented by theassociations. ; L'insertion par l'activité économique (IAE) regroupe des associations et des entreprises quimettent au travail des chômeurs « en difficulté » afin de faciliter leur accès ultérieur à l'emploi.Cette thèse se penche sur l'action des fédérations de structures d'insertion. Positionnées àl'interface entre les responsables politiques et administratifs et les professionnels des structuresd'insertion, ces fédérations tentent de réguler les tensions et les controverses au sein de l'espacede l'IAE. À partir d'une enquête ethnographique reposant sur des observations participantes etdes entretiens avec des acteurs de l'IAE, cette recherche met d'abord l'accent sur les stratégiesd'alliance et d'opposition entre fédérations. La thèse interroge ensuite la participation de cesdernières aux réformes de l'IAE. Si les fédérations se présentent comme les représentantes desintérêts des acteurs de l'IAE, elles se posent également en relais des injonctions de l'État enmatière de « performance » et de « bonne gestion ». Enfin, la recherche montre l'avènementd'une nouvelle génération d'experts de l'insertion, aux trajectoires sociales et aux aspirationsindividuelles ajustées aux attentes de ces fédérations. À la croisée d'une sociologie du travailassociatif et des politiques d'insertion et d'emploi, cette thèse entend apporter un éclairage à laquestion des transformations des politiques sociales mises en oeuvre par les associations.

This article goes beyond the study of speech acts to investigate the process of securitization during a health crisis. The article introduces the concept of 'expert-led securitization' to account for situations when experts dominate the administrative process that translates a securitizing speech act into extraordinary public policy. Expert-led securitization was particularly salient during the 2009 pandemic flu in Denmark and Sweden. Autonomous public health expert agencies led the national securitization processes, and these never included intense political battles or extensive public debates. In turn, the respective processes resulted in different policies: Sweden's main response to the pandemic was an extraordinary push to vaccinate its whole population, while Denmark's was a one-off offer of vaccination to about twenty percent of its people. Hence, the 2009 pandemic example illustrates the added value of investigating the administrative dynamics of securitization when seeking to understand differences in extraordinary policies. ; This article goes beyond the study of speech acts to investigate the process of securitization during a health crisis. The article introduces the concept of 'expert-led securitization' to account for situations when experts dominate the administrative process that translates a securitizing speech act into extraordinary public policy. Expert-led securitization was particularly salient during the 2009 pandemic flu in Denmark and Sweden. Autonomous public health expert agencies led the national securitization processes, and these never included intense political battles or extensive public debates. In turn, the respective processes resulted in different policies: Sweden's main response to the pandemic was an extraordinary push to vaccinate its whole population, while Denmark's was a one-off offer of vaccination to about twenty percent of its people. Hence, the 2009 pandemic example illustrates the added value of investigating the administrative dynamics of securitization when seeking to understand differences in extraordinary policies.

Draws on postmodernist feminist analysis, especially the questions of knowledge production about women & the patriarchal character of Western scientific thought, to analyze the production of knowledge about Third World women by development experts & the consequences of this knowledge for theory & practice. It is shown that, as development debates have progressed, Western development experts & agencies have launched a search for local knowledge of indigenous peoples that inevitably translates this knowledge into the language of Western science & modernization theory, thus ignoring the local experience & knowledge of indigenous groups. Examples of projects that attempt to move beyond modernization theory to incorporate the different voices & knowledges of the South are presented, & the problems they have encountered are discussed. Although dilemmas in adopting this new perspective are acknowledged, it is argued that development planners & practitioners must abandon their steadfast belief in technical expertise & adopt a more inclusive approach to knowledge production. D. M. Smith

Firms often delegate elements of strategic decisions to outside experts who promise objective assessments, which are especially valuable in unstable environments. However experts themselves may be prone to skewed decision making as the stability of their own industry environment changes and as their positioning within the industry shifts. We examine this possibility in the context of expert credit-rating agencies ("agencies") and their risk ratings of emerging-market sovereign borrowers ("ratings") published from 1987 to 1998, a period that includes both industry stability (1987–1996) and industry turbulence set off by financial crises in several emerging-market countries (1997–1998). After controlling for macroeconomic and related objective risk factors linked to the sovereigns themselves, we find several points: (1) agency ratings during crisis-induced industry turbulence are negatively skewed, indicating undue pessimism among these experts, in line with decision-making perspectives predicting negative reaction by experts in an effort to retain legitimacy with salient stakeholders, in this case, investors and public regulators; (2) this negative shift is greater for incumbent firms and regionally focused firms, possibly because of the loss of previous informational advantages; and (3) this negative shift during crisis-induced turbulence is greater as industry rivalry among these experts increases in particular market segments, possibly indicating the development of competitive bandwagons among experts. Together, our results suggest that objective assessments by expert organizations are vulnerable to substantial distortion from the confluent effects of industry instability and expert positioning within the industry, particularly positioning affecting rivalry among experts. Ironically, experts may be most likely to mislead clients in unstable industry environments when experts command greater attention and should show greater fidelity to disinterested objectivity.

This article goes beyond the study of speech acts to investigate the process of securitization during a health crisis. The article introduces the concept of 'expert-led securitization' to account for situations when experts dominate the administrative process that translates a securitizing speech act into extraordinary public policy. Expert-led securitization was particularly salient during the 2009 pandemic flu in Denmark and Sweden. Autonomous public health expert agencies led the national securitization processes, and these never included intense political battles or extensive public debates. In turn, the respective processes resulted in different policies: Sweden's main response to the pandemic was an extraordinary push to vaccinate its whole population, while Denmark's was a one-off offer of vaccination to about twenty percent of its people. Hence, the 2009 pandemic example illustrates the added value of investigating the administrative dynamics of securitization when seeking to understand differences in extraordinary policies.

This article goes beyond the study of speech acts to investigate the process of securitization during a health crisis. The article introduces the concept of 'expert-led securitization' to account for situations when experts dominate the administrative process that translates a securitizing speech act into extraordinary public policy. Expert-led securitization was particularly salient during the 2009 pandemic flu in Denmark and Sweden. Autonomous public health expert agencies led the national securitization processes, and these never included intense political battles or extensive public debates. In turn, the respective processes resulted in different policies: Sweden's main response to the pandemic was an extraordinary push to vaccinate its whole population, while Denmark's was a one-off offer of vaccination to about twenty percent of its people. Hence, the 2009 pandemic example illustrates the added value of investigating the administrative dynamics of securitization when seeking to understand differences in extraordinary policies.

There is a useful distinction between the President of the United States and the Presidency, especially important because of the critical role of the President in shaping the public interest. Agencies making up the "institutional Presidency" have evolved over the years to serve the growing needs of the President. As a conglomerate, they provide the closest approximation to a national planning organization that American politics will tolerate. But the effectiveness of any agency is directly related to its usefulness to the President. Within these agencies, moreover, social scientists, among other experts, have been brought into the orbit of presidential power as expertise has become important to the planning process. There they operate in a highly political environment in which they vie for the President's attention with other advisers who, from a different set of responsibilities, may have a different but equally valid view of what is in the President's best interests. Like other experts, social scientists may thus find themselves torn between their allegiance to the President and the professional standards of their own expertise. The dilemma is particularly difficult since their usefulness to the President resides precisely in their expertise and they cannot escape the issue by ignoring or distorting professional standards.

There is a useful distinction between the President of the US & the Presidency, esp important because of the critical role of the President in shaping the public interest. Agencies making up the 'instit'al Presidency' have evolved over the yrs to serve the growing needs of the President. As a conglomerate, they provide the closest approximation to a nat'l planning org that Amer pot will tolerate. But the effectiveness of any agency is directly related to its usefulness to the President. Within these agencies, moreover, soc sci'ts, among other experts, have been brought into the orbit of presidential power as expertise has become important to the planning process. There they operate in a highly pol'al environment in which they vie for the President's attention with other advisers who, from a diff set of responsibilities, may have a diff but equally valid view of what is in the President's best interests. Like other experts, soc sci'ts may thus find themselves torn between their allegiance to the President & the professional standards of their own expertise. The dilemma is particularly difficult since their usefulness to the President resides precisely in their expertise & they cannot escape the issue by ignoring or distorting professional standards. HA.

The on-going transformation process of e-government and e-services permeates most sectors in society. Initiatives are taken not only by public agencies, but also by the private sector, research communities and individuals. This paper focuses on e-services in the cultural heritage sector and presents the results from a joint networking project of archives and academia from Estonia, Iceland and Sweden - the Access to Public Information in Governmental Agencies and Archives (APIS) project. ; Godkänd; 2011; 20121003 (marrun)

This study aims to 1) identify and describe agencies' role in helping psychiatric patients and 2) evaluate whether there is a synergy in building a concrete framework for the patients. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight mental health experts. The data were transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed using NVivo software. Findings revealed that empowering the patients was one of the strategies to assist them. Nevertheless, the multisectoral collaboration did not translate well within the aid networks despite the efforts by the government agencies to bridge their services to the patients. Keywords: Psychiatric Care, Aid Agencies, Integration Strategy, Collaboration Networks eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., U.K. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3447