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This book concentrates on the gender gap in voting--the difference in the proportion of women and men voting for the same candidate. Evident in every presidential election since 1980, this polling phenomenon reached a high of 11 percentage points in the 1996 election. The contributors discuss the history, complexity, and ways of analyzing the gender gap; the gender gap in relation to partisanship; motherhood, ethnicity, and the impact of parental status on the gender gap; and the gender gap in races involving female candidates. Voting the Gender Gap analyzes trends in voting while probing how women's political empowerment and gender affect American politics and the electoral process. _x000B__x000B_Contributors are Susan J. Carroll, Erin Cassese, Cal Clark, Janet M. Clark, M. Margaret Conway, Kathleen A. Dolan, Laurel Elder, Kathleen A. Frankovic, Steven Greene, Leonie Huddy, Mary-Kate Lizotte, Barbara Norrander, Margie Omero, and Lois Duke Whitaker._x000B_

Looks toward black Americans for evidence of a 'gender gap' of the type previously documented among white Americans and in several other Western democracies. Such evidence proves, for the most part, to be lacking. (Abstract amended)

A quantitative analysis of recent political differences between Fs & Ms, using survey data on elections, PO, & partisan identification from the Center for Political Studies' American National Election Studies of 1976-1984, the National Opinion Research Center's General Social Surveys Cumulative File, 1972-1984, & CBS News/New York Times survey data. Findings contradict the conventional description of gender gap in US politics. It is argued that the gender gap has been the result of unequal rates of defection by Ms & Fs away from liberal values & the Democratic Party, ie, greater movement by Ms toward conservative positions & the Republican Party. Consequently, Republicans were never the potential victims but have always been the potential & actual beneficiaries of the gender gap. 5 Tables, 2 Figures, 23 References. Modified AA

Men and women in Chile register and vote at separate polling booths. Election results are also tabulated separately for each sex by the Ministry of Interior, down to commune level. A survey of national elections from 1952 to 1970 shows that women and men have different voting preferences. Moreover, results from the four congressional elections held since democracy was restored in 1989 demonstrate that those preferences persist to the present. By focusing on elections in the capital city of Santiago, which is divided into 52 communes (barrios) whose residents differ in their economic and educational levels, it is possible to see to what extent class and gender affect voting preferences. On the basis of an analysis of this data, this article concludes that women are consistently more likely than men to vote for conservative parties, and that this is true in every social class. Support for the left does rise among both sexes in the lower middle class, proletarian and peasant communes – but less among women than among men. The 'gender gap' is not usually very large (although it increases at both ends of the political spectrum), but it is persistent.

An examination of the opinions of black Americans (N = 675 in 1982-1984, 728 in 1986/87) for evidence of a political gender gap, ie, male-female differences in political party identification & vote choice as well as in opinions on policy issues. Gender gap exists among white Americans & in several other Western democracies. In the US it is primarily manifested in a greater propensity of women to identify themselves as & vote for Democrats, & to espouse more liberal views on a variety of social & political issues. Here, results do not support the existence of a black gender gap. It is suggested that the struggle for racial equality has masked gender-based differentiation in blacks' political attitudes. 2 Tables, 38 References. Modified HA

In the last century, international focus on workplace equality has reached an all-time high. The role of women in the workplace has been a point of dispute since the beginning of this era of professionalism. Support for bringing women into the technology industry has greatly overshadowed the efforts of recruiting men to fields historically dominated by women, despite the fact that this imbalance negatively impacts equality in the workplace. Women would introduce a new dynamic to the technology world and fields like teaching and nursing would be enhanced by an increase in the number of men in those fields.