Science and technology are at the very heart of the European project. But how to write a history of Europe in the making when using technology as an actor category and lens of analysis? This is the driving narrative behind Making Europe: Technology and Transformations (1850-2000) – a sixvolume series on the history of Europe in the «long twentieth century»1. All volumes in the series are co-authored by two or three authors and are the result of an intense debate and discussion amongst all people involved in this collective endeavor. As the series editors Johan Schot and Phil Scranton emphasize in the introduction to the series, Making Europe aims at providing a novel perspective on European history by decentering the European Union and its many predecessors and by placing the complex, desynchronized and multilayered process of Europeanization in a long-term historical perspective.
The article takes stock of the studies on literary life since the end of the nineteenth century at the Anjou-Provence Court during the René d'Anjou rule (1434-1480). It updates the list of authors who participated in this circle: it sets out elements of the history of some authors and demonstrates that others have been wrongly attached to it. An unprecedented reference to the second rhetoric instructive makes it possible, in particular, to bring innovative elements to Pierre de Hurion's literary career. ; L'article dresse un bilan des études parues depuis la fin du XIXe siècle sur la vie littéraire à la cour d'Anjou-Provence, durant le règne de René d'Anjou (1434-1480). Il met à jour la liste des auteurs qui ont participé à ce cercle : il précise des éléments du parcours de certains auteurs et démontre que d'autres y ont été rattachés de manière indue. Une mention inédite de l'Instructif de seconde rhétorique permet notamment d'apporter des éléments novateurs sur la carrière littéraire de Pierre de Hurion.
This work includes the history of Argentinian mapping policy based on four operations: imagine, measure, represent and reproduce the territory. Imagine, because the actors responsible for the production of geographical information imagined a national territory that was reflected in its mapping according to their expectations. One of the distinctive features of that imagination was the recurrent inclusion of spaces in which the State claimed sovereignty but did not have it effectively. Measure, because that imaginary representation of the territory was based on a programme of land curtailment which had no history and the results of which gave scientific arguments to support the territorial claims of the State. Represent, because mapping practices were conceived as strategies for scientific representation of the territory and, in that sense, were subject to criteria of legitimacy and validity in their production contexts. Replication because the image of the territory which resulted from those operations also served to spread a type of territorial policy of the State. This work, while analysing the cartographic productions of other organisations involved in the consolidation of the territory, focuses on the production carried out by the Military Geographic Institute, as this body launched Argentina's mapping cycle. Table of contents: Introduction — Chapter I — I.1. Presentation — I.2. Keys to rethink mapping — Chapter II — II.1. The nineteenth century military topographic offices — II.2. The topographic campaigns shall: new mapping methodologies — II.3. A new profession: State Cartographers — Chapter III — III.1. The Charter of the Republic: "the battle of the method" — III.2. Four building blocks for the plan: science, boundary, management and education — Chapter IV — IV.1. The uprisings: a selective look — IV.2. Alternative projects: the urgency of a map — IV.3. The boundaries of the original plan: redefining the Charter Plan and adapting it to national realities — IV.3.4. Topographical work: accelerating ...
Summary: The development of geography during the ice-growing period was driven, on the one hand, by Alejandro's conquests which expanded oikoumene horizons into territories unknown to the Greek world, and, on the other, by a geographical tradition which linked elements of other disciplines, such as: literature, philosophy, techné and history. Traditionally, the concept of oikoumene is understood as the space where Greek culture expands and develops. Throughout the second century BC, in his search for universal dominance, Rome managed to dominate Greek space politically, but in turn became part of the Greek oikoumene. This work proposes to consider that the Greek history used resources from the Greek geographical tradition to shape a new space, composed of the Greco-helenist world and the Roman territories of the western Mediterranean basin. To this end, an analysis will be carried out of the Historics of Polibio, which, with a universal aim, integrated the elements of the Greek geography in order to build a new concept of oikoumene. ; Resumen: El desarrollo de la geografía durante el período helenístico, por un lado, estuvo determinado por las conquistas de Alejandro que expandieron los horizontes de la oikoumene hacia territorios desconocidos para el mundo griego, y por otro, por una tradición geográfica que relacionó elementos de otras disciplinas, tales como: la literatura, la filosofía, la techné y la historia. Tradicionalmente el concepto de oikoumene se entiende como el espacio donde se expande y desarrolla la cultura griega. A lo largo del siglo II a.C., en su búsqueda de dominio universal, Roma logró dominar políticamente el espacio griego, pero integrándose a su vez a la oikoumene griega. El presente trabajo propone considerar que la historiografía helenística utilizó recursos de la tradición geográfica griega para lograr configurar un nuevo espacio, compuesto por el mundo greco-helenístico y los territorios incorporados a dominio romanos de la cuenca mediterránea occidental. Para ello se realizará un ...
Abstract This paper intends to analyze the determinants of audit fees in Portugal and Spain at a time when the audit profession has felt increasingly strong pressures on its ethical, independence and quality of professional attitude, showing that audit fees behave differently in these two countries. The liberalization of audit services' fees in Portugal, with the elimination in 2005 of the minimum audit fees table based on the audited company size, arouses the interest in perceiving the factors that determine audit fees. In Spain, the various financial scandals have placed audit fees in the main focus. These countries, which form the Iberian Peninsula, have a strongly related economic and cultural history, having also joined the European Union on the same date. In addition, audit fees have not been much studied in these countries, so it is important to perceive their behavior by comparing results. The results indicate that, in Spain, audit fees are determined mainly by the size, complexity and risk of the audited company. It was also found in Spain that the big four companies charge higher fees and companies that change their audit firm pay lower fees in the year of rotation. In Portugal, the size of the audited company was considered the only factor contributing to the determination of audit fees. The analysis includes a sample of 39 listed companies in Portugal and 104 companies listed in Spain for the period of 2013 to 2015 using the ordinary least squares.
Summary. This article is intended to help study the surface of Mexico- Tenochtitlan in 1.519, when Spaniards arrive there. The work starts with a short introduction on the foundation, geographical location, urban distribution and political nature of the city, as a framework for this study. The method followed consists of a history analysis of the studies referring to the size of the urbe; and the archaeological findings revealed in what is today the megalopolis of the Mexican capital. On that basis, the boundaries of the old city are outlined, superseding them in the current street of the city, in order to obtain the approximate shape of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Using as a Geographical Information System the visualisation tool provided by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography — INEGI (Mexico Digital Map), concludes, for the size of the original city, an approximate result of 9.44 km². ; Resumen Este artículo pretende contribuir al estudio de la superficie de México- Tenochtitlan en 1.519, a la llegada de los españoles a la misma. El trabajo se inicia con una breve introducción sobre la fundación, localización geográfica, distribución urbana y naturaleza política de la ciudad, como marco de encuadre del presente estudio. El método seguido consiste en un análisis historiográfico de los estudios que refieren el tamaño de la urbe; así como de los hallazgos arqueológicos puestos de manifiesto en lo que es hoy la megalópolis de la Capital mexicana. A partir de ahí, se bosquejan los límites de la antigua ciudad, superponiéndolos en el callejero actual de aquella, para obtener la forma aproximada de México-Tenochtitlan. Y utilizando como Sistema de Información Geográfica la herramienta de visualización proporcionada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía-INEGI (Mapa Digital de México) se concluye, para el tamaño de la primitiva ciudad, un resultado aproximado de 9,44 km2.
The paper aims to grasp the concept of melancholia at the intersection of historical, cultural and sociological perspectives. After providing a brief history of the concept, the article focuses on the relationships between melancholia and nostalgia, drawing particular attention to the temporal regime triggered by the melancholic process and underlining its critical impact in regard to the dominant values of neoliberal society. The paper then aims to map the major inflexions of contemporary melancholia, namely left melancholia and ecomelancholia. Coined by Walter Benjamin, the first emerges from the political defeats of socialism and the failures of any revolutionary inspiration through the history of the twentieth century. The second is triggered by the awareness of the irremediable destruction of a large part of our natural environment. Left melancholia and ecomelancholia are intermingled since they testify to a critical sensibility to the losses caused by the neocapitalism system, whether social loss or environmental loss, the two being linked
summary: In 2018, for the first time in the legal history of the State of Guerrero, local elections for customs and customs took place in the municipality of Ayutla de los Libres. In relation to this topical issue, the article develops a sociological analysis of the social practices underpinning the political organisation of rural towns in southern Mexico, to which the term 'customs and customs' refers. To this end, it takes some anthropology approaches critically and proposes an alternative concept: the Community systems of government, the overall functioning of which is presented and explained as a result of a case study in the Costa Chica de Guerrero region. ; Resumen: En 2018, por primera vez en la historia legal del estado de Guerrero, han tenido lugar elecciones locales por usos y costumbres en el municipio de Ayutla de los Libres. En relación con esta actualidad, el artículo desarrolla un análisis sociológico de las prácticas sociales que sostienen la organización política de las localidades rurales en el sur de México a las que hace referencia el término "usos y costumbres". Para ello retoma de manera crítica algunos planteamientos de la antropología y propone un concepto alternativo: los "sistemas comunitarios de gobierno", cuyo funcionamiento general se presenta y explica como resultado de un estudio de caso en la región Costa Chica de Guerrero.
International audience In this article, I revisit some aspects of the organization of the Fatimid army, and more specifijically to the role played by its black contingents, who are still often considered the most faithful supporters of the dynasty. Wherever they came from and regardless of their social and legal status, black soldiers, whose Egyptian-ness was indisputable, were major players in the history of the Fatimid Caliphate. Medieval authors, who sometimes conveyed negative representations linked with racial bias, and who are not necessarily accurate in dealing with other races, even acknowledged this role. Originating in Ifrīqiyya, the Fatimids conquered Egypt at the end of the tenth century CE. They established a Shi'i caliphate that disappeared in the last quarter of the twelfth century. The Fatimid caliphs adopted a policy of expansion. This expansion was ideological, led by the Ismaili Daʿwa, especially in Yemen and the Persian Gulf. It was also economic: the Fatimid state, which was largely based on trade, created an extensive road and maritime network for economic purposes. Finally, it was a political and military one, as the Fatimid caliphs extended their influence to southern Syria and Arabia.
A 500 años de Utopía de Tomás Moro, consideramos que vale la pena detenerse en una noción que –aunque esquiva por momentos– vuelve una y otra vez a las reflexiones de la teoría política; nos proponemos examinar una noción que parece negada desde su propia etimología: por definición, la utopía señala un "no lugar". En primer lugar, veremos cómo desde la difusión de la magnífica obra del pensador londinense que dio fama al término, la utopía remite a algo que está fuera de lugar; en segundo término analizaremos la utopía cuando se considera un proyecto a futuro, en tanto horizonte de sentido. Con relación a esto, nos proponemos vincular la crítica a la noción de utopía y la crítica al concepto de ideología, para establecer por qué en las últimas décadas hablar de utopía nos lleva a un lugar incómodo. Para ello, tendremos en cuenta los aportes que desde el marxismo realizan Fredric Jameson –que propone al género utópico como subgénero de la ciencia ficción– y Terry Eagleton, teniendo en cuenta que desde el triunfo del neoliberalismo como modelo económico y el postmodernismo como (su) modelo cultural, la discusión sobre modelos alternativos fue bloqueada por los discursos del fin de la historia. Fil: Duimich, Laura. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Humanidades. Centro de Estudios Históricos de Estado, Política y Cultura. CONICET; Argentina.
The history of marketing colonies established in various port cities in pre-capitalist Western Europe is still an incomplete story today. In this Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries, the same reasons for expansion were the same as those for emigration, although they were very well adapted to other political and religious reasons. It is also the geography of the Atlantic area itself, with its long coastlines, which are very narrow, 'directing its inhabitants to the sea and inviting them to navigation and distant trade'. In the words of Michel Mollat, Jacques Le Goff, or Ferdinand Braudel, the proximity of the sea marked the regret of many Europeans. It draws attention precisely to the fact that the centres of economic development in Europe, which also coincide with the most important port cities, have always moved along c0stas.1 It is perhaps for this reason that the current state of research into commercial communities, as well as in old Europe and the New Continent, established in particular in the most important port cities connected to the Atlantic economy, confirm that these groups are somehow the key to understanding the evolving development of the internal dynamics of the articulation of the different economic areas between each other and the commercial systems that developed. The emergence of a new, more comprehensive approach: the comparative view of the role of these communities (whether they were actors or factors, or both) within a broader contex, may lead us to build, according to John Elliot's words, a true Atlantic history, currently identified in the history with the term 'Atlantic System'.2 In the two regions, not so different that they forged one another and the other side of the Atlantic. and of the two possible 'systems' generated by the expansion (that of the European merchant powers and that of the Carrera de Indias) there was a dialectic between what was the administration of the imneries and the commercial system itself, which they articulated. Emphasis has been placed on the role ...
Actes of the Second International Congress of Studies on the Utopia de la Revue Morus — Utopia e Renascimento.ISSN-2447-0996 The alchemical and baroque novel The true history or the Voyage des Princes fortunez du polygraph François Béroalde de Verville (1556-1626) is an atypical heir of Thomas More's Utopia and the Romans of François Rabelais. The Hermitage d'Honneur — the place where wealthy Princes are established and the Orthophiles cabale's initiative-, being a new Thelem, shows significant deviations from its literary models: can we read a generic evolution of utopia in these gaps? Taking its sources freely from the rabelaisian painting and the new eastern (Arabic, Persian and Indian) compiled by Christophoro Armeno in the Peregrinaggio di tre giovani figliuoli del Re di Serendippo (Venice, Michele Tramezzino, 1557), the Roman of Béroalde of Verville writes his utopic motifs in a landscape and a network of lighter and hermetic meanings. From the quest for the 'bottle dive' to that of the nymphe Xyrile (anagramme d'Elyxir), the preceptors of Gargantua and Pantagruel in Sarmedox (anagramme dox), the aim is to analyse the literary, political and philosophical issues involved in the alchemical transformations of the utopic model in the Brazilian novel. ; International audience ; Actes of the Second International Congress of Studies on the Utopia de la Revue Morus — Utopia e Renascimento.ISSN-2447-0996 The alchemical and baroque novel The true history or the Voyage des Princes fortunez du polygraph François Béroalde de Verville (1556-1626) is an atypical heir of Thomas More's Utopia and the Romans of François Rabelais. The Hermitage d'Honneur — the place where wealthy Princes are established and the Orthophiles cabale's initiative-, being a new Thelem, shows significant deviations from its literary models: can we read a generic evolution of utopia in these gaps? Taking its sources freely from the rabelaisian painting and the new eastern (Arabic, Persian and Indian) compiled by Christophoro Armeno in the ...
Pablo Morosi's book tells Miguel Bru's story, a story that passes through every student from the Faculty of Journalism and Social Communication since joining. It starts with the end, which happened when Miguel entered the 9° Commissioner. From then on, the perpetrator caused a vorágine of information and experiences that reported the disappearance of Miguel and the judicial struggle his family triggered by his assassination. Corrigenda, assaults, cracks. A break. Morosi tells dramatically what goes from the police's harassment of Miguel to his disappearance. He then describes the life of the Bru, which begins with the story of Rosa Schonfeld and Nestror Bru when they were known in Pigüé. The relationship was developed there: marriage and children, the first, Miguel. Records a life full of work and effort; tell us how Nestror started working with the police; she spoke about Rosa by doing their home and raising her five children. Section: Reviews. Faculty of Journalism and Social Communication ; El libro de Pablo Morosi cuenta la historia de Miguel Bru, un relato que atraviesa a cada estudiante de la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social desde su ingreso. Comienza con el final, con lo que sucedió cuando Miguel entró a la Comisaría 9°. A partir de ese momento, el autor provoca una vorágine de información y de vivencias que relatan la desaparición de Miguel y la lucha judicial que su familia desencadenó por su asesinato. Corridas, golpes, gritos. Una pausa. Morosi relata de forma vertiginosa lo que acontece desde el hostigamiento de la policía a Miguel hasta su desaparición. Después, describe la vida de los Bru, que comienza con la historia de Rosa Schonfeld y de Néstor Bru cuando se conocieron en Pigüé. Allí se desarrolló la relación: matrimonio e hijos, el primero, Miguel. Relata una vida llena de trabajos y de esfuerzo; narra cómo Néstor comenzó a trabajar en la policía; habla de Rosa haciendo los quehaceres domésticos y dedicada a la crianza de sus cinco hijos. Sección: Reseñas. Facultad de Periodismo y ...
Article available online at: http://rhr.revues.org/7546 in 1 702, the camisarde insurgency inaugurated in Languedoc was a time of religious unrest. The revolt turns into a polymorph conflict. Here we look at the development of the duels that mirror political, clergy and people, and the entry of a society at war. The approach highlights the multiplicity of violence — physical, ideals, languages — and patterns of sectarian clashes. On the basis of unprecedented archives, the thesis calls for an overall reconsideration of the unrest by including a third strictly civilian actor and by promoting the study of a war in its system. With this protest challenge, which is unique in revocative history, she also questions the state of the southern Catholicism which has come to an end. ; International audience ; Article available online at: http://rhr.revues.org/7546 in 1 702, the camisarde insurgency inaugurated in Languedoc was a time of religious unrest. The revolt turns into a polymorph conflict. Here we look at the development of the duels that mirror political, clergy and people, and the entry of a society at war. The approach highlights the multiplicity of violence — physical, ideals, languages — and patterns of sectarian clashes. On the basis of unprecedented archives, the thesis calls for an overall reconsideration of the unrest by including a third strictly civilian actor and by promoting the study of a war in its system. With this protest challenge, which is unique in revocative history, she also questions the state of the southern Catholicism which has come to an end. ; Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse : http://rhr.revues.org/7546 En 1702 l'insurrection camisarde inaugure en Languedoc un temps de troubles religieux. La révolte mute en un conflit polymorphe. On examine ici la déclinaison des duels qui mirent aux prises instances politiques, clergé et populations, et l'entrée d'une société en guerre. L'approche souligne la multiplicité des violences – physiques, idéelles, langagières –, et des modalités ...
A partir da exposição realizada na Dickson Poon School of Law do King's College London (2016/2017) pelo artista e professor alemão da Universidade de Bonn, Werner Gephart, propõe-se aqui análise da obra "Produção babilônica de normatividade na Europa (2016)", em diálogo com "A Torre de Babel", de 1563 do artista belga Pieter Bruegel, o Velho, ambas cotejadas com os textos religiosos com os quais dialogam, com vistas a compreender as analogias feitas pelo autor da obra com história atual da Europa, sua unificação e os seus tantos dilemas mais contemporâneos. ; Based on the exhibition held at the Dickson Poon School of Law at King's College London (2016/2017) by the German artist and professor at the University of Bonn, Werner Gephart, we propose here an analysis of the work "Babylonian production of norms in Europe (2016) ", In dialogue with" The Tower of Babel ", from 1563 by the Belgian artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder, both collated with the religious texts with which they dialogue, in order to understand the analogies made by the author of the work with current European history , its unification and its many more contemporary dilemmas.
