Failure to fulfil obligations — Directives 79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC — Conservation of wild birds — Incorrect designation and insufficient legal protection of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) — Margin of manoeuvre for implementing the protection and management regime — Formalisation of conservation objectives in SPAs — Obligation to take specific protective measures — Geographical definition of SPAs ; Manquement d'Etat - Directives 79/409/CEE et 92/43/CEE - Conservation des oiseaux sauvages - Désignation incorrecte et protection juridique insuffisante des zones de protection spéciale (ZPS) - Marge de manoeuvre pour mettre en oeuvre le régime de protection et de gestion - Formalisation des objectifs de conservation dans les ZPS - Obligation de prendre des mesures spécifiques de protection - Délimitation géographique des ZPS
French foresters began to open out onto the outside world towards the end of the 19th century with the 1882 "RTM" law, which integrates the work done by the forestry corps in mountain areas into agriculture. In the footsteps of Georges Fabre in the Aigoual Forest and the Leplaysians between 1890 and 1914, two precursors opened the way towards the new doctrine of urban planning, its parks and gardens first, later extending it to managed and organised spatial planning of the entire country, including rural and montane areas. They were Jean Forestier and Pierre Randet, who in spite of their 35-year age difference, had in common their mountain roots and a taste for town planning, that might have led them to meet. But one was to create first gardens, while the other devoted his energies to spatial planning, including in rural areas, and their paths never crossed ; L'ouverture sur l'extérieur du corps forestier s'amorce fin XIXe avec la loi RTM de 1882, qui insère dans l'agriculture leur action en montagne. Après Georges Fabre dans l'Aigoual et les leplaysiens des années 1890 à 1914, deux précurseurs vont marquer l'entrée, d'abord vers l'urbain, sa nouvelle doctrine de l'urbanisme, ses parcs et jardins, puis l'élargissement de la doctrine de l'urbanisme à l'aménagement raisonné et organisé de tout le territoire, y compris rural et montagnard. Ils s'appellent Jean Forestier et Pierre Randet, 35 ans les séparent, ils ont en commun racines montagnardes et goût de l'urbanisme, les hasards de la vie les font se frôler. Mais l'un créera d'abord des jardins, l'autre se consacrera à l'aménagement du territoire, y compris rural, et ils ne se rencontreront pas
City of Tyrol, City Law 1239, Regional Residence Town since 1420. ; Landeshauptstadt von Tirol, Stadtrecht 1239 bestätigt, landesfürstliche Residenzstadt seit 1420.
The heading XXX of this ordinance states definitely the basic principles of former rulings, and emphasizes the regal aspect of hunt, « noble » hunt (hunting and hawkling) and shooting being reserved to lords, gentlemen and nobles. Practically under this heading are gathered only policing rules, what makes it necessary to refer to former texts. The king reserves himself the right to command hunting-rights almost absolutely without binding himself by too précise or hard and fast rules. The law of august 11 th 1789, which grants to every owner the right of killing or let kill any sort of game on his estates, puts an end to this royal aspect of hunting-rights. ; Le titre XXX de l'Ordonnance confirme les principes fondamentaux des ordonnances antérieures, tendant à donner au droit de chasse un caractère régalien de plus en plus marqué, la chasse noble (à courre et au vol) et la chasse à tir (à terre ou au vol) étant réservées aux seigneurs, gentilshommes et nobles. Ce titre n'est pratiquement qu'un ensemble de mesures de police obligeant à se reporter aux textes antérieurs. Le Roi se réserve de disposer du droit de chasse de manière quasi absolue sans se lier par des règles trop précises et immuables. La loi du 11 août 1789 accordant à tout propriétaire le droit de détruire et faire détruire toute espèce de gibier sur ses possessions marque la fin de ce caractère régalien du droit de chasse.
Beyond the consultations, statements and reports referred to in this chapter, the main development of European company law during the reporting period concerns the political rights of shareholders. Directive 2007/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 seeks to facilitate the exercise of those rights in listed companies, and the main part of the case-law analysed seeks to prevent public bodies from exercising control which is disproportionate to their shareholding in the capital. ; Au-delà des consultations, déclarations et rapports évoqués dans la présente chronique, le principal développement du droit européen des sociétés au cours de la période considérée concerne les droits politiques des actionnaires. La directive 2007/36/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 11 juillet 2007 tend à faciliter l'exercice de ces droits au sein des sociétés cotées et l'essentiel de la jurisprudence analysée vise à éviter que des organismes publics exercent un contrôle disproportionné par rapport à leur participation au capital.
At a time when the role of religion in reducing global conflicts and the authority of its leaders are being questioned, studies that would link religion and conflict may fill in a gap in knowledge. To address this gap, this study seeks to gain an understanding of Orlando Cardinal Quevedo's task and ministry of peacemaking in the long-running conflict in the Southern Mindanao region. Given the recent signing of the Bangsa Moro Organic Law as the highly expected solid basis for a peaceful and prosperous Mindanao, it is timely to look back and pay closer attention to the key role that he played as a peace advocate. To achieve this end, it organized and conducted a content analysis of his writings and interviews about peace and its imperatives. Findings show that his words, firmly rooted in the conflict's historical past and yet open to the realities of the present, encompassed and helped disclose his practical wisdom, consensus-driven approach, and Catholic perspectives of its underlying issues and challenges. The lessons and insights that are uncovered from his writings may serve as a grounded recipe for those who would follow in his footsteps to learn and re-appropriated in a hopefully not an unending task and ministry of peacemaking in today's world.
Summary: In labour matters in the south of Jalisco, the inhabitants of the 28 municipalities within the jurisdiction of the Seventh Special Conciliation and Arbitration Board have to move to Zapotlán el Grande in order to enforce their rights, resulting in economic complications due to transfer and an extension of time in a trial. We therefore describe the perceptions and consequences for workers as they become unemployed and claim their rights before the competent judicial authority, thus leading to greater obstacles to labour justice. In this investigation, workers were surveyed, which had the economic, family and time spent on trials. ; Resumen: En asuntos laborales en el sur de Jalisco, los habitantes de los 28 municipios que están dentro de la jurisdicción de la Séptima Junta Especial de Conciliación y Arbitraje tienen que trasladarse a Zapotlán el Grande para accionar su derecho, resultando en complicaciones económicas por traslado y la prolongación del tiempo en un juicio. Por lo que se describen las percepciones y consecuencias en los trabajadores al quedarse sin empleo y reclamar su derecho ante la autoridad jurisdiccional competente, teniendo así mayores obstáculos para la justicia laboral. En esta investigación, se realizaron encuestas a trabajadores, mismas que arrojaron las consecuencias económicas, familiares y del tiempo invertido en los juicios.
Mirbeau is often presented as a writer with contradictions, characterised by the vehemence of his indignation. While the virulence of her attacks may be a rhetoric specific to the press article (as in the satirical newspaper 'Les grimaces'), it lasts throughout her career, regardless of the forms used or capitalised success. However, Mirbeau's pamphleral writing is changing in its form. First defined as the mark of concealment, the 'grimace' gradually becomes the emblem of the work carried out by the romancier. For Mirbeau, the distortion is not an obstacle to the truth, but a process used to reveal it, or even the signature of a writer claiming the right to contradict himself. Self-loyalty cannot therefore be based on a doctrine, nor can it really go through discourse. The novel thus offers Mirbeau a shape paradoxically more in line with his conception of truthfulness. Mystification becomes the means of denouncing the impostures of consistency, as does sarcasm, which literally puts the fable of the narrative into a piece. ; Mirbeau est souvent présenté comme un écrivain plein de contradictions, caractérisé par la véhémence de ses indignations. Si la virulence de ses attaques peut relever d'ne rhétorique propre à l'article de presse (comme dans le journal satirique "Les Grimaces"), elle dure tout au long de sa carrière, indépendamment des formes utilisées ou du succès capitalisé. L'écriture pamphlétaire de Mirbeau évolue néanmoins dans ses modalités. D'abord définie comme la marque d'une dissimulation, la « grimace » devient progressivement l'emblème du travail opéré par le romancier. Pour Mirbeau, la distorsion n'est pas un obstacle à la vérité, mais un processus utilisé pour sa révélation, ou même la signature d'un écrivain revendiquant le droit de se contredire. La fidélité à soi-même ne peut donc pas reposer sur une doctrine, ni vraiment passer par un discours. Le roman offre ainsi à Mirbeau une forme sans doute paradoxalement plus conforme à sa conception de la sincérité. La mystification devient le moyen ...
summary: Based on a contextual analysis of the evolution of the paradigms surrounding spatial planning from a recent perspective, this work focuses on describing and analysing the political, regulatory and institutional process in terms of its potential impact on territorial planning for the regions from an interpretative approach. In particular, the implications of Law 21.074 in the various planning instruments at inter-communal or regional level are taken into account on the basis of certain criteria relating to political, administrative and fiscal decentralisation, for which some historical background preceding the new scenario for the exercise of regional governance in territorial planning is required. In short, this work shows that the possibilities for the regions to exercise ownership of spatial planning are only minimal in terms of their impact, even with the existence and approval of a Regional Spatial Planning Plan. ; Resumen: A partir de un análisis de contexto sobre la evolución de los paradigmas en torno al ordenamiento territorial desde una perspectiva reciente, este trabajo se enfoca en describir y analizar el proceso político, normativo e institucional en términos de su potencial incidencia en el ordenamiento territorial para las regiones desde un enfoque interpretativo. En particular, se toma en consideración las implicancias de la Ley 21.074 en los diversos instrumentos de planificación a escala intercomunal o regional sobre la base de algunos criterios que están relacionados con la descentralización política, administrativa y fiscal, para lo cual previamente se precisan algunos antecedentes históricos que preceden al nuevo escenario para el ejercicio de la gobernanza regional en materia de ordenamiento territorial. En síntesis, este trabajo demuestra que las posibilidades que las regiones ejerzan una gobernanza en propiedad en materia de ordenamiento territorial, resultan ser solo mínimas en términos de su incidencia, incluso con la existencia y aprobación de un Plan Regional de Ordenamiento ...
In historiography, Auguste's matrimonial laws, in 18 BC and then 9 ap. J.-C., are generally linked to demographic or fiscal objectives and to the reform of the lifestyles of aristocratie. This article emphasises the use of large-scale honorary privilege to reward citizens who comply with the aims promoted by the laws. While the control of morals was, under the Republic, mainly covered by the morum regimen of centers, the new legislation upgraded the role of the law as a means of regulating individual pipes and, therefore, as a means of transforming everyday life. ; The Augustan marriage laws in 18 BC and 9 AD have generally been linked by historians to demographical or fiscal objectives and to the reform of the aristocratic way of life. This paper stresses the large-scale use of honorific privileges rewarding citizens who complied with the purposes encouraged by the laws. Whereas moral restraint had mostly been pertaining, until the end of the Republic, to the censorial regimen morum, the new legislation increased the role of law as control instrument over individual conducts and, therefore, as a way of transformation of the everyday life. ; In historiography, Auguste's matrimonial laws, in 18 BC and then 9 ap. J.-C., are generally linked to demographic or fiscal objectives and to the reform of the lifestyles of aristocratie. This article emphasises the use of large-scale honorary privilege to reward citizens who comply with the aims promoted by the laws. While the control of morals was, under the Republic, mainly covered by the morum regimen of centers, the new legislation upgraded the role of the law as a means of regulating individual pipes and, therefore, as a means of transforming everyday life. ; Dans l'historiographie, les lois matrimoniales d'Auguste, en 18 av. J.-C. puis 9 ap. J.-C., sont généralement reliées à des objectifs démographiques ou fiscaux et à la réforme des modes de vie de l'aristocratie. Cet article insiste sur l'utilisation de la mécanique du privilège honorifique à grande échelle pour ...
At the time of the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the first Bulgarian Constitution (the so-called Tirnovo Constitution), it is worth pointing out that in the 19th century, Belgium and Bulgaria drew, albeit with varying intensities, from the same sources of constitutional law//SOMMAIRE: I. Hier/A. The Belgian Constitution of 7 February 1831/1. On pluralisme/2. Parliamentarism/B. The Bulgarian Constitution of 16 April 1879/1. Forme/2. The Fund//II. Today/A. The Belgian Constitution, as revised from 1970/1. State fédéral/2. The Bulgarian Constitution of 13 July 1991/1. Reply interne/2. International, and especially European, influence ; Au moment où est célébré le cent trentième anniversaire de la première Constitution bulgare (la Constitution dite « de Tirnovo »), il n'est pas inutile de souligner qu'au XIXe siècle, la Belgique et la Bulgarie ont puisé, fût-ce avec des intensités variables, aux mêmes sources du droit constitutionnel // SOMMAIRE : I. Hier / A. La Constitution belge du 7 février 1831 / 1. Le pluralisme / 2. Le parlementarisme / B. La Constitution bulgare du 16 avril 1879 / 1. La forme / 2. Le fond // II. Aujourd'hui / A. La Constitution belge révisée à partir de 1970 / 1. L'Etat fédéral / 2. L'Union européenne / B. La Constitution bulgare du 13 juillet 1991 / 1. La réponse interne / 2. L'influence internationale, et spécialement européenne
Since more than a century, academic writers have consistently offered equally interesting answers to the question 'what is the law', without arriving at a ; International audience ; Since more than a century, academic writers have consistently offered equally interesting answers to the question 'what is the law', without arriving at a ; Depuis plus d'un siècle, la doctrine n'a cessé de proposer des réponses aussi intéressantes les unes que les autres à la question « qu'est-ce que le droit », sans pour autant parvenir à une
The purpose of the article is to analyse the work to be called in Italy. It is a type of employment contract where the employer does not guarantee a minimum level of work. The article sets out the reasons for its introduction into Italian law, its legislative development and its practical impact. This analysis serves as a reference or mirror to assess the effects of the regulation of on-demand working arrangements in Spain, which has been claimed mainly by companies based on digital service delivery platforms. The aim of the article is to analogue the work on call in Italy. It is a type of employment contract where the employee does not guarantee a minimum of work. The allocations for its introduction into the Italian legal system, its normative evolution and the practical effects on the Italian work market are exposed in the paper. This analysis works as a reference or mirror to assess the effects of a regulation of work-on-demand formulas in Spain, which has been classed all by companies based on digital platforms for the provision of services. ; El objetivo del artículo es analizar el trabajo a llamada en Italia. Es un tipo de contrato de trabajo donde el empleador no garantiza un mínimo de trabajo. En el artículo, se exponen las razones de su introducción en el ordenamiento italiano, su evolución normativa e impacto práctico. Este análisis funciona como referencia o espejo para valorar los efectos de una regulación de fórmulas de trabajo a demanda en España, que viene siendo reclamada sobre todo por empresas basadas en plataformas digitales de prestación de los servicios. The aim of the article is to analyze the work on call in Italy. It is a type of employment contract where the employer does not guarantee a minimum of work. The reasons for its introduction into the Italian legal system, its normative evolution and the practical effects on the Italian labor market are exposed in the paper. This analysis works as a reference or mirror to assess the effects of a regulation of work-on-demand formulas in Spain, ...
