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Issue preface by Johnson Ihyeh Agbinya, Donald Adjeroh, and Anthony H. Chan.

ICT Development Strategies -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF ACRONYMS -- LIST OF TABLES -- LIST OF FIGURES -- Introduction -- The Networked World -- 1.1 ICT Development -- 1.2 Benefits of The ICT -- ICT Development in South Korea, China and Vietnam -- 1.3 Economic Dynamics and ICT Development in Vietnam -- 1.4 Economic Dynamics and ICT Development in China -- 1.5 Economic Dynamic and ICT Development in South Korea -- 1.6 Comparison Between South Korea, China and Vietnam -- 1.7 Digital Economy Rankings -- ICT Performance Measurement Indexes -- 1.8 Networked Readiness Index -- 1.9 ICT Development Index -- ICT Development in Selected Asia Countries -- 1.10 Cluster Building -- 1.11 Correlation Analysis -- Political Options -- 1.12 Steps for Accelerating E-economy -- 1.13 General Lessons for Developing Countries -- 1.14 Policy Recommendations for Vietnam -- 1.15 Policy Recommendations for China -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix 1. Vietnam -- Appendix 2. China -- Appendix 3. South Korea -- Appendix 4. ICT data of 12 countries.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become an integral part of social and working lives. Within social work ICTs play a vital role, helping professionals to store and share information and contributing to new forms of practice. This book asks why ICT is used and how it affects practice

For the past thirty years the Malaysian economy has been said to contribute well to the progress of the nations. However, the intensification of global economy activity and the extensive use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in recent years are challenging government-s effort to further develop Malaysian society. The competition posed by the low wage economies such as China and Vietnam have made the government realise the importance of engaging in high-skill and high technology industries. It is hoped this will be the basis of attracting more foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to help the country to compete in globalised world. Using Vision 2020 as it targeted vision, the government has decided to engage in the use of ICTs and introduce many policies pertaining to it. Mainly based on the secondary analysis approach, the findings show that policy pertaining to ICTs in Malaysia contributes to economic growth, but the consequences of this have resulted in greater division within society. Although some of the divisions such as gender and ethnicity are narrowing down, the gap in important areas such as regions and class differences is becoming wider. The widespread use of ICTs might contribute to the further establishment of democracy in Malaysia, but the increasing number of foreign entities such as FDI and foreign workers, cultural hybridisation and to some extent cultural domination are contributing to neocolonialism in Malaysia. This has obvious consequences for the government-s effort to create a Malaysian national identity. An important finding of this work is that there are contradictions within ICT policy between the effort to develop the economy and society.

Paper presented at ICT confrence of 2006 ; Information and Communication Technology (ICT) degree programs in private and public universities remain very popular and attract very good students. In recent past, there has been an increase in the enrolment in ICT degree programs in the traditional areas of computer science, electronic engineering, computer engineering and in the newer areas of information systems and software engineering. This paper identifies some of the local and global drivers of this demand. It then uses the open networking model to analyze the future demand for ICT graduates. Using the model, the paper concludes that the focus of Kenyan universities should be in the academic areas of computer science, information systems and electronic engineering. In order to have an impact on the Kenyan economy and the ICT industry, there is an urgent need for universities to seek professional accreditation of the different ICT degree programs and therefore achieve international standards of quality. The paper recommends adopting the E-campus concept to develop a world-class learning environment for students and faculty that overcomes the low penetration of ICT in Kenya. Although ICT profession will remain popular because of the increasing use of ICT applications in businesses and governments in the region, the challenge for the universities is to attract, retain and develop doctoral-level ICT faculty. ; Information and Communication Technology (ICT) degree programs in private and public universities remain very popular and attract very good students. In recent past, there has been an increase in the enrolment in ICT degree programs in the traditional areas of computer science, electronic engineering, computer engineering and in the newer areas of information systems and software engineering. This paper identifies some of the local and global drivers of this demand. It then uses the open networking model to analyze the future demand for ICT graduates. Using the model, the paper concludes that the focus of Kenyan universities should be in the academic areas of computer science, information systems and electronic engineering. In order to have an impact on the Kenyan economy and the ICT industry, there is an urgent need for universities to seek professional accreditation of the different ICT degree programs and therefore achieve international standards of quality. The paper recommends adopting the E-campus concept to develop a world-class learning environment for students and faculty that overcomes the low penetration of ICT in Kenya. Although ICT profession will remain popular because of the increasing use of ICT applications in businesses and governments in the region, the challenge for the universities is to attract, retain and develop doctoral-level ICT faculty.

The paper presents an approach for defining ICT investment proposals. The approach was developed on the authority of the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management. The Ministry was confronted with a growing amount of ICT investment proposals. Since there was no format for describing a proposal and no procedure for obtaining the data on the basis of which a proposal was described, the decision to select proposals for funding missed any kind of rationality. Proposals differed enormously and hence were incomparable. The evaluation of existing ICT assessment methods showed that there was not any method that would meet the expectations and demands of the Ministry. The main points of criticism concentrated on the limitation of applying a fixed set of data for describing a project proposal and the absence of a process to support the selection of a meaningful set of data to describe a project. Inspired by the multi‐criteria score method of Parker a tailor‐made approach for defining ICT investment proposals was developed, taking into account the characteristics of the governmental organization. In this paper, the approach as well as the developmental process with regard to this approach are presented. The overall conclusion is that a tailor‐made approach, which is developed with the full cooperation of the user organization, has considerable advantages since local knowledge and expertise is incorporated in this type of approach.

PurposeInformation and communication technology (ICT) stands out as a major indicator and driver of the modern age. It catalytically advances globalization processes across professions, disciplines and agencies across international boundaries. In spite of the widespread utilization of ICT, Nigeria in particular and Africa in general lag behind in the ICT revolution. Striving to modernise and develop, though, Nigeria is rather dependent on the developed world for ICT access and utilization. Nigeria accesses ICT, indeed a great volume of the access rather comes through the second‐hand market. The study aims to integrate theoretical orientations of symbolism and rationalism to empirically explain second‐hand ICT utilization in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through 30 in‐depth interviews (IDIs) and six focus group discussions (FGDs) among sellers and consumers of imported second‐hand ICT at Abeokuta, Ibadan and Lagos cities in Nigeria. The data was collected between July and November 2010. The research is an extract from a larger study on "The dynamics of the Tokunbo phenomenon and second‐hand economy in South‐Western Nigeria".FindingsThe paper concludes that as much as imported second‐hand ICT satisfies consumer modernity and development needs, it swells up Nigeria's e‐waste. The bulk of the used ICT exported into Nigeria are non‐usable scrap, while those that are functional or usable are at the tail end of their life cycles. By symbolically rationalizing imported second‐hand ICT utilization, the Nigerian population simply pays for the evacuation of e‐waste from producing countries of the developed world to Nigeria. Nigeria is yet to develop a wholesome policy to address second‐hand ICT import and grapple with e‐waste challenge. The economic and health costs of imported e‐waste are on Nigeria and Nigerians.Originality/valueThe primary focus of the paper is on second‐hand ICT utilization in Nigeria. The paper empirically discusses the utilization of second‐hand ICT from the perspective of symbolic‐rationality of modernity and development practice.

The study examines the importance of ICT culture in schools for the integrative use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in teaching. Schools with above-average computer infrastructure (high-tech schools) were examined to see whether differences in the frequency and versatility of ICT use in class could be observed due to the different ICT cultures.
20 schools with the best technical equipment (10 primary schools and 10 lower secondary schools) were included in the study by means of guided interviews and questionnaire surveys. The questionnaire surveys covered 20 ICT managers, 270 teachers and 679 pupils.

ICT becomes more and more important concern for educational institutions and governments for increasing the quality of teaching and learning. Ministry of Education (MoNE) in Turkey aims to be part of this. Policy makers in MoNE initiated a new project called FATIH. This project defines the role of ICT and integrates it at levels and education so that teachers and students can take advantage of ICT. This paper presents the current situation in Turkey and present some research findings related to FATIH project.

The use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in English Language Teaching (ELT) in higher education settings in Indonesia is still under research. This is a correlational study that investigates teachers' knowledge, experiences, ICT literacy levels, and to what extent they integrate ICTs in ELT. Numbers of 280 English lecturers of different universities in Indonesia completed the online questionnaires that are distributed through emails and social media messengers during December 2018. The result shows that more than 60 % of the respondents' ICT literacy levels are above average and they frequently use ICT in their daily teaching, although they still face problems in internet facility and lack of ICT training. The study also reveals that there is a significant correlation among teachers' ICT literacy levels with their training experiences, internet frequency usage, and ICTs integration in language teaching. The more frequent teachers implement the ICTs, the more literate they will become. Training experiences surely generate teachers' ICT literacy. The majority of English lecturers in Indonesia are ICT literate and ready to integrate their ICT skills in their teaching-learning activities. More frequent training and stronger policy support of ICT facilities from the institution and government would be advantageous to encourage greater ICT integration in education, especially in ELT.