Suchergebnisse

AbstractTougher immigration enforcement was responsible for 1.8 million deportations between 2009 and 2013 alone—many of them were fathers of American children. We exploit the geographic and temporal variation in the escalation of interior immigration enforcement to assess its impact on the structure of families to which many of the deported fathers of U.S.‐born children belonged. We find that the average increase in immigration enforcement during the 2005 to 2015 period has raised by 19 percent the likelihood that Hispanic U.S.‐born children might live without their parents in households headed by naturalized relatives or friends unthreatened by deportation. Likewise, the same increase in immigration enforcement has raised by 20 percent these children's propensity to live with likely undocumented mothers who report their spouses as being absent—a reasonable finding given that most children with a likely undocumented father have undocumented mothers. Given the negative consequences of being raised by a single parent or without parents, plus the parallel increase in interior immigration enforcement, gaining a better understanding of the collateral damage of heightened enforcement on the families to which these children belong is well warranted.

Intro -- BORDER SECURITY AND ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT -- BORDER SECURITY AND ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 BORDER SECURITY: IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT BETWEEN PORTS OF ENTRY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- BORDER CONTROL STRATEGY -- National Strategic Plan -- National Border Patrol Strategy -- Secure Border Initiative -- Enforcement with Consequences -- 2012 National Border Patrol Strategy -- BUDGET AND RESOURCES -- Border Patrol Appropriations -- Border Patrol Personnel -- Fencing and Tactical Infrastructure -- Surveillance Assets -- ENFORCEMENT OUTCOMES -- Alien Apprehensions -- Southwest Border Apprehensions by Sector -- The Limits of Apprehensions Data -- Operational Control of the Border -- Additional Measures of Border Enforcement -- Automated Biometric Identification System (IDENT) System -- Successful Illegal Entries -- Smuggling Fees -- Probability of Apprehension -- UNINTENDED AND SECONDARY CONSEQUENCES OF BORDER ENFORCEMENT -- Border-Area Crime and Migrant Deaths -- Migration Flows: "Caging" Effects and Alternative Modes of Entry -- Environmental Impact and Effects on Border Communities -- Effects on Regional Relations -- LEGISLATIVE ISSUES -- Border Patrol Personnel -- Surveillance Assets -- Fencing and Tactical Infrastructure -- Access to Federal Lands -- CONCLUSION: UNDERSTANDING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF BORDER ENFORCEMENT BETWEEN PORTS OF ENTRY -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 TESTIMONY OF RUTH ELLEN WASEM, SPECIALIST IN IMMIGRATION POLICY, CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY. HEARING ON "DOES ADMINISTRATIVE AMNESTY HARM OUR EFFORTS TO GAIN AND MAINTAIN OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF THE BORDER?" -- End Notes

The day-to-day behaviors of undocumented immigrants are significantly affected when local law enforcement officials do the work of federal immigration enforcement. One such behavior, which has been widely discussed in debates over so-called sanctuary policies, is that undocumented immigrants are less likely to report crimes to the police when local law enforcement officials work with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on federal immigration enforcement. However, the mechanism that explains this relationship of decreased trust in law enforcement has not yet been systematically tested. Do undocumented immigrants become less trusting of police officers and sheriffs when local law enforcement officials work with ICE on federal immigration enforcement? To answer this, we embedded an experiment that varied the interior immigration enforcement context in a survey (n = 512) drawn from a probability-based sample of undocumented immigrants. When local law enforcement officials work with ICE on federal immigration enforcement, respondents are statistically significantly less likely to say that they trust that police officers and sheriffs will keep them, their families, and their communities safe; will protect the confidentiality of witnesses to crimes even if they are undocumented; will protect the rights of all people equally, including undocumented immigrants; and will protect undocumented immigrants from abuse or discrimination.