Suchergebnisse

- This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary research based on the study of metaphors at work during the medical visits of 5 oncologists - 3 males, (respectively 41, 43, and 60 year old), 2 females (respectively 41 and 58 year old) - for a total of 61 clinical talks that have been videotaped at an hospital in Northern Italy. The choice to study metaphors at work in medical practice greatly depends on our research experience and the realization that both doctors and patients had recourse to them during clinic talks and the use of such metaphors played a complex role that could not merely be referred to the exemplification of clinic concepts and words. From the analysis of recorded conversations we have discovered that the use of metaphors favoured: a) the contextualization of clinic conversations within wider macro-social structures; b) the definition of behaviours, roles, and decisional processes linked to social representations; c) the creative solution for the often irreconcilable tension between the subjective and bodily aspects of what we can call illness, the objective and impersonal character of its clinic definition (disease), and its social dimension (sickness).Key-words: medicalization, metaphor, disease, illness, sickness, oncology.Parole chiave: medicalizzazione, metafora, disease, illness, sickness, oncologia.

Samenvatting ; Summary

Defence date: 16 November 1984 ; Examining board: Prof. Ian Budge (IUE) ; Prof. Athanasios Moulakis (supervisor) ; Prof. Francesco Gentile (Napoli) ; Prof. Klaus Vondung (Siegen) ; First made available online 12 June 2015.

Sin dall'inizio della pandemia di Covid-19, il discorso pubblico è stato caratterizzato dal massiccio ricorso a metafore belliche. Parallelamente, l'uso di queste metafore è stato duramente attaccato come inadeguato e potenzialmente pericoloso. L'articolo propone una riflessione su questo dibattito mettendo in discussione la demonizzazione di questo tipo di metafore. L'adeguatezza e l'efficacia di una metafora non sono, infatti, valori assoluti ma dipendono sempre da molteplici fattori, in primo luogo il contesto discorsivo, l'uditorio e gli scopi comunicativi. Pertanto, è più utile puntare ad allargare la gamma delle espressioni (metaforiche e non) per parlare della pandemia, senza demonizzarne nessuna in particolare. Ciò che è davvero importante è vigilare sul linguaggio e mantenere alta l'attenzione sul fatto che le scelte espressive sono parte integrante della nostra esperienza del mondo. ; Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, public discourse has been characterized by a massive use of war metaphors. At the same time, this use has been harshly attacked as inappropriate and potentially dangerous. The article proposes a reflection on this debate by questioning the demonization of the war metaphor. Indeed, the appropriateness and the efficacy of a metaphor are not absolute values but depend on many factors such as context, audience and communicative purposes. Therefore, instead of attacking war metaphors it would be more useful to enrich the range of expressions to talk about the pandemic. What is really important is to never forget that expressive choices are never only words but a constitutive part of our experience of the world.

Artykuł prezentuje opracowany przez autorów sposób analizy jakościowej narracyjnych wywiadów biograficznych. Jego podstawą teoretyczną jest kognitywna teoria metafory Georga Lakoffa oraz pojęcia stosowane w teoriach chronozoficznych. Metody warstwowego zdejmowania metafor z tekstu i rekonstrukcji piramidy metafor zastosowane tu do badania językowego ujmowania czasu, pokazują możliwości interpretacyjne metodologii jakościowej. Metaforyzacja zjawiska, tak trudnego do językowego ujęcia, jakim jest czas, badana jest tutaj na trzech głównych poziomach: prostych wyrażeń metaforycznych, zdań i ciągów (całości) metaforycznych. Czwarty poziom i zarazem czubek piramidy metafor tworzą metametafory tekstowe zrekonstruowane przez badaczy. Wywiady, które dostarczyły materiału do analiz, przeprowadzone zostały w latach 1989-1992 wśród liderów organizacji, grup, ruchów młodzieżowych i młodzieżówek partii politycznych. Analiza pokazuje możliwości zastosowanych metod w procesie tworzenia intersubiektywnie sprawdzalnej interpretacji, zaś wyniki badania – sposoby postrzegania i użytkowania konstruktów temporalnych, takich jak czas biografii, czasy społeczne, publiczne, środowiskowe i osobiste.