Suchergebnisse

The military security of the Russian Federation in the face of external and internal threats is still primarily important. In this context the rightful principles of defense and security in Russia play a discrete role. The article provides the analysis of these principles for a legal framework of the Russian military security regulation. It reveals system problems, gaps and contradictions of the legal regulation. Complex and urgent measures for the legal system and legal instruments improvement are suggested in the article. It is proposed to develop a number of regulatory acts needed by reason of the blanket character of the Federal Defense Act. Among these are: The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Act, The Operational Equipment of the Territory of the Russian Federation for the Purpose of Defense Act, The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Management and Control during the War Act, etc. Problems of the social relations legal regulation in the defense and security sphere are systemic and complex, require a constant attention on the part of government agencies and a painstaking daily work of legislators. It should facilitate bringing the defense and military security system of the Russian Federation to a fundamentally different, whole new level relevant to the present level of external and internal threats.

Each state, through participation in international relations, constantly strives to ensure and then maintain an appropriate level of security. Functioning in the environment of other countries, it must pursue many interests, thanks to which it guarantees its survival, but at the same time ensures comprehensive development. The security of citizens of each state depends on many factors, including geopolitical and military conditions. One of the most important factors guaranteeing both the stability of the state's constitutional order and the protection of its democratic values is political security. Ensuring it requires maintaining state structures in constant readiness in order to take up challenges, reduce threats and take advantage of opportunities in the political aspect. Closely related to this factor is military security, which concerns the relations between the state and the international environment, in which the military factor plays an important role. This requires maintaining the state's own military capacity as optimal as possible and participating in adequate military alliances to prevent threats. The security of Poland and the region is usually perceived in the context of our participation in the most important international organizations, such as: the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union (EU), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). However regional initiatives are equally important. The aim of the article is to analyze selected regional initiatives and their impact on ensuring Poland's military security.

The socio-political situation in Central Europe in the years after the fall of communism shows a sharp break from that system, but the region is not yet characterized by fully-formed and mature liberal democracies. These countries are still undergoing a phase of transition. At the heart of non-military security issues in Central Europe are problems that are new for these societies, and this novelty makes the problems especially challenging. There must be fostered among national populations a more sophisticated understanding of the free-market economy and of democratic principles. Particularly significant is the search for identity which is taking place on many levels – ethnic, cultural, religious and historical among others. This experience is important not only for Central European countries; it is also important for the European Union, whose members in 2004 they will become. This challenge is part of understanding the factors influencing the development of a democratic culture.

Examines problems which their negotiation and implementation poses for military planners. Some emphasis on NATO security issues, chiefly.

THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES ELEMENTS OF THE MILITARY-SECURITY CONCEPT, THE NEW MILITARY SECURITY POSITION OF NATO VIS-A-VIS RUSSIA AND THE EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NATO'S ENGAGEMENT IN FUTURE MILITARY MISSIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS /ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE.

Abstract While cowardice is sanctioned by military law in most countries, the impact of cowardice on modern warfare and security politics is low. This might be the reason why cowardice—as notion, phenomenon, and topic—has widely been neglected in security studies. However, for quite some time, we have witnessed a revival of the word as an accusation and pejorative term that is frequently applied by Western government representatives to describe the enemy in armed conflicts. The expression of a "cowardly attack" has become quite common in political communication after attacks against Western forces in violent confrontations. Thereby, cowardice is transformed from a possible weakness of the own forces to a particular strength of the enemy. This article aims at presenting some reflections on the notion, meaning, and functional role of cowardice in situations of violent international conflict, as well as on the use of the term as a speech act in recent governmental security communication. A particular focus will be put on the normative implications of the revival of the governmental cowardice-rhetoric.