Suchergebnisse

Das Buch leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Ursachenforschung bezüglich der Entstehung rechtsextremer Einstellungen Jugendlicher aus Ost- und Westdeutschland. Die Autorin prüft kritisch, ob die Ursachen für jugendlichen Rechtsextremismus tatsächlich, wie vielfach angenommen, als Konsequenzen des sozialen Wandels zu erklären sind – im Vergleich mit der Bedeutsamkeit der familialen und schulischen Einflüsse treten sie jedoch in den Hintergrund.

Monochorionic twin pregnancies can be complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). The best treatment option for TTTS is fetoscopic laser coagulation of the vascular anastomoses between donor and recipient. After laser therapy, up to 33% residual anastomoses were seen. These residual anastomoses can cause twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) and recurrent TTTS. In order to reduce the number of residual anastomoses and their complications, a new technique, the Solomon technique, where the whole vascular equator will be coagulated, was introduced. The Solomon technique showed a reduction of recurrent TTS compared to the selective technique. The incidence of recurrent TTTS after the Solomon technique ranged from 0% to 3.9% compared to 5.3–8.5% after the selective technique. The incidence of TAPS after the Solomon technique ranged from 0% to 2.9% compared to 4.2–15.6% after the selective technique. The Solomon technique may improve dual survival rates ranging from 64% to 85% compared to 46–76% for the selective technique. There was no difference reported in procedure-related complications such as intrauterine infection and preterm premature rupture of membranes. The Solomon technique significantly reduced the incidence of TAPS and recurrent TTTS and may improve survival and neonatal outcome, without identifiable adverse outcome or complications; therefore, the Solomon technique is recommended for the treatment of TTTS.

Phoenix from the ashes? --The origins and the nature of the Russian OPK --Domestic drivers for Russian OPK success --External drivers for OPK success: arms transfers to China --External drivers for OPK success: arms transfers to India --External drivers for OPK success: emerging markets.

The continued existence of the Russian defence and arms industry (OPK) was called into question following the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. Industry experts cited the lack of a domestic market, endemic corruption, and excess capacity within the industry as factors underpinning its predicted demise. However, the industry's export customers in China, India and Iran during those early years became the OPK's saving grace. Their orders introduced hard currency back into the industry and went a long way to preventing the forecasted OPK collapse. Although pessimistic predictions continued to plague the OPK throughout the 1990s, the valuable export dollars provided the OPK the breathing space it needed to claw back its competitive advantage as an arms producer. That revival has been further underpinned by a new political commitment, various research and development initiatives, and the restoration of defence industry as a tool of Russian foreign policy. The short-term future of the Russian OPK looks promising. The rising domestic defence order is beginning to challenge the export market as the OPK's most important customer. Meanwhile, exports will be safeguarded by continued foreign demand for niche Russian defence products. Although the long-term future of the OPK is more difficult to predict, Russia's solid research and development foundation and successful international joint military ventures suggest that the current thriving trend in exports is likely to continue. Russia represents the next generation of affordable and rugged military equipment for the arsenals of the developing world. Coupled with Russia's growing ability to rearm itself through higher oil prices and a more streamlined defence industry, the future of the OPK looks bright.

The continued existence of the Russian defence and arms industry, known as the Oboronnyi Promyshennyi Kompleks (OPK), was called into question following the disintegration of the Soviet Empire in 1991. Industry experts cited the lack of a domestic market, endemic corruption, and excess capacity within the industry as factors underpinning its predicted demise. The most telling factor was the sudden removal of considerable government subsidies and high defence industry wages that had traditionally buttressed the industry's economic viability and encouraged the cream of Russia's workers into the sector. It was a crippling blow. However, the industry's export customers in China, India and Iran during those early years became the OPK's saving grace. Their orders introduced hard currency back into the industry and went a long way to preventing the forecasted OPK collapse. Although pessimistic predictions continued to plague the OPK throughout the 1990s, the valuable export dollars provided the OPK the breathing space it needed to claw back its competitive advantage as an arms producer. That revival has been further underpinned by a new political commitment, various research and development initiatives, and the restoration of defence industry as a tool of Russian foreign policy. In order to gauge the future prospects for the OPK, it is necessary to examine the domestic and external drivers that have either underwritten its success to date or are still required to ensure its long term endurance. Domestically, continued success demands a closer collaboration between the OPK and the Russian armed forces. It also requires serious efforts to curb endemic corruption, further consolidation of the defence industry and continued development of the Russian domestic market for arms. Externally, the strength of the state arms exporter, Rosoboronexport, global market diversification and joint military ventures with strategic partner countries are essential ingredients for long term OPK success. Cultivating and maintaining the ...

Die Auswirkungen der aktuellen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise haben besonders deutlich gemacht, dass fundierte ökonomische Kompetenzen angesichts der wachsenden Bedeutung und zunehmenden Komplexität wirtschaftlicher Prozesse in modernen Gesellschaften eine Grundvoraussetzung zu deren Verständnis und damit auch zur Bewältigung privater, beruflicher und gesellschaftlich-politischer Lebenssituationen sind. Ökonomische Kompetenzen markieren damit eine der wesentlichen Voraussetzungen für soziale Teilhabe. [...] In der öffentlichen Diskussion wird immer wieder auf entsprechende Kompetenzdefizite von Schülerinnen und Schülern hingewiesen. Allerdings kann sich der Diskurs in vielen Ländern, u.a. in der Schweiz, zu wenig auf verlässliche empirische Daten stützen. Mit dem hier vorgestellten SNF-Projekt "Ökonomische Kompetenzen von Maturandinnen und Maturanden (OEKOMA)" wird mehr Licht auf diesen Gegenstand geworfen. OEKOMA verfolgt dabei das Ziel, die ökonomischen Kompetenzen von Lernenden an Gymnasien und Berufsmaturitätsschulen in der Deutschschweiz zu beschreiben und Einflussfaktoren auf ihren Erwerb zu identifizieren. Im Beitrag wird zunächst der Forschungsstand zum Thema umrissen. Im Anschluss werden der theoretische Hintergrund, die forschungsleitenden Fragestellungen sowie Design und Methode von OEKOMA beschrieben. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der Konstruktion eines Leistungstests zur Erfassung ökonomischen Wissens und Könnens. (DIPF/Orig.).

Die Auswirkungen der aktuellen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise haben besonders deutlich gemacht, dass fundierte ökonomische Kompetenzen angesichts der wachsenden Bedeutung und zunehmenden Komplexität wirtschaftlicher Prozesse in modernen Gesellschaften eine Grundvoraussetzung zu deren Verständnis und damit auch zur Bewältigung privater, beruflicher und gesellschaftlich-politischer Lebenssituationen sind. Ökonomische Kompetenzen markieren damit eine der wesentlichen Voraussetzungen für soziale Teilhabe. [.] In der öffentlichen Diskussion wird immer wieder auf entsprechende Kompetenzdefizite von Schülerinnen und Schülern hingewiesen. Allerdings kann sich der Diskurs in vielen Ländern, u.a. in der Schweiz, zu wenig auf verlässliche empirische Daten stützen. Mit dem hier vorgestellten SNF-Projekt "Ökonomische Kompetenzen von Maturandinnen und Maturanden (OEKOMA)" wird mehr Licht auf diesen Gegenstand geworfen. OEKOMA verfolgt dabei das Ziel, die ökonomischen Kompetenzen von Lernenden an Gymnasien und Berufsmaturitätsschulen in der Deutschschweiz zu beschreiben und Einflussfaktoren auf ihren Erwerb zu identifizieren. Im Beitrag wird zunächst der Forschungsstand zum Thema umrissen. Im Anschluss werden der theoretische Hintergrund, die forschungsleitenden Fragestellungen sowie Design und Methode von OEKOMA beschrieben. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der Konstruktion eines Leistungstests zur Erfassung ökonomischen Wissens und Könnens. (DIPF/Orig.)

The continued existence of the Russian defence and arms industry (OPK) was called into question following the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. Industry experts cited the lack of a domestic market, endemic corruption, and excess capacity within the industry as factors underpinning its predicted demise. However, the industry's export customers in China, India and Iran during those early years became the OPK's saving grace. Their orders introduced hard currency back into the industry and went a long way to preventing the forecasted OPK collapse. Although pessimistic predictions continued to plague the OPK throughout the 1990s, the valuable export dollars provided the OPK the breathing space it needed to claw back its competitive advantage as an arms producer. That revival has been further underpinned by a new political commitment, various research and development initiatives, and the restoration of defence industry as a tool of Russian foreign policy. The short-term future of the Russian OPK looks promising. The rising domestic defence order is beginning to challenge the export market as the OPK's most important customer. Meanwhile, exports will be safeguarded by continued foreign demand for niche Russian defence products. Although the long-term future of the OPK is more difficult to predict, Russia's solid research and development foundation and successful international joint military ventures suggest that the current thriving trend in exports is likely to continue. Russia represents the next generation of affordable and rugged military equipment for the arsenals of the developing world. Coupled with Russia's growing ability to rearm itself through higher oil prices and a more streamlined defence industry, the future of the OPK looks bright.

This paper explains about curriculum management activities in vocational schools within pondok pesantren (WPP). The focus of the discussion is on the orientation of the vocational school curriculum in pesantren and its implementation activities as well as how school leaders and pesantren leaders influence the curriculum implementation organization (OPK) in schools WPP. The aim is to find the orientation, strategy and approach of OPK activities in vocational schools WPP. This research used qualitative research with a case study design. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with leaders of Islamic boarding schools, school leaders, and teachers by purposive sampling, observation, and document analysis. The conclusion of this paper is the activities of OPK have led to innovation in curriculum management and learning in schools WPP. The OPK strategy uses Collaborative-collegial management with a democratic approach based on the noble values of pesantren and professionalism.

Для возрождения России как великой мировой державы необходимо возрождение ее экономического могущества и поддержание на должном уровне военной силы. Роль ОПК в решении этих задач является определяющей. [8] ОПК может выполнить роль, по выводу народного хозяйства из кризиса на основе эффективного использования в гражданской продукции перспективных критических технологий, последующее применение которых в военной технике позволит не отстать от передовых стран мира и в создании перспективных средств вооруженной борьбы новых поколений. Помочь ОПК в решении этих задач может только инновационная государственная политика. As great world power revival of its her economic power and maintenance up to the mark military force is necessary for Russia. Role OPK in the decision of these problems tasks is determining. OPK can execute a role, on a conclusion of a national economy from crisis on the basis of an effective utilization in civil production of perspective critical technologies which subsequent application in military technics technical equipment will allow to keep abreast from the advanced countries of the world and in creation of perspective means of the armed struggle of new generations. Help OPK with the decision of these problems tasks the innovative state policy can only

Objective:Routine obstetric ultrasound increasingly leads to the detection of structural fetal anomalies. In twin pregnancies with one anomalous twin, counseling on management strategies is complicated. Patients and methods: Twin pregnancies (n= 212) were referred to a tertiary center between January 2007 and July 2009. In a retrospective analysis, twins discordant for a structural fetal anomaly were compared to twins without anomalies in the prenatal ultrasound. Outcome parameters were survival and gestational age at birth.Results:Anomalies were seen in at least one fetus of 30 twin pairs. The two pregnancies in which the anomalies were concordant were terminated. Selective feticide was performed in three cases of major but non-lethal anomalies in dichorionic twins. The remaining 25 cases were managed expectantly. In three of these cases, spontaneous fetal demise of the affected fetus was observed. In five cases with major (lethal) anomalies, the pregnant women and their partners opted for non-intervention comfort care after birth for the affected fetus. Median gestational age at delivery was 257 days for twins without structural anomalies and was 254 days (n= 22) for twins with one anomalous fetus. This was not significantly different (Mann Whitney U,p= .69). Again, no difference was found for median gestational age at delivery in normal vs. discordant anomalous dichorionic twins if subdivided for chorionicity (Mann Whitney U,p= .68).Conclusion:In this cohort we describe the request for expectant management by pregnant women and their partners of those twins discordant for major (lethal) anomalies. Expectant management was not associated with increased risk of premature delivery. Fetocide was only opted for in a small number of cases with severe but non-lethal anomalies in dichorionic twins.

Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe complication of monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies associated with high perinatal mortality and morbidity rates. Management in TTTS is a major challenge for obstetricians and neonatologists. Twins with TTTS are often born prematurely after an extremely distressing and highly hazardous fetal period. Follow-up studies report varying rates of cerebral palsy (CP) and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). This review discusses the latest findings on the long-term outcome of TTTS survivors, possible risk factors for long-term impairment, and provides recommendations for future research.

Background:Hypospadias is associated with twinning. The incidence of hypospadias in monochorionic and dichorionic male twins is, however, yet to be determined.Methods:All medical records of monochorionic and dichorionic twins admitted to our neonatal nursery between January 2004 and August 2013 were reviewed for the presence of hypospadias.Results:A total of 350 monochorionic and 303 dichorionic male twins were included in the study. The incidence of hypospadias in monochorionic and dichorionic groups was 4% (14/350) and 1% (3/303) (p= .016) respectively. In 11 of the 15 twin couples, hypospadias occurred in the twin with the lowest birth weight. The rate of hypospadias in twin infants small-for-gestational-age group was 10% (6/60) compared with 2% (11/593) in the appropriate-for-gestational-age group (p= .002). In a multivariate analysis, both monochorionicity and small-for-gestational-age were independently associated with hypospadias, odds ratio 4.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–14.7) and 6.1 (95% CI: 2.2–17.2) respectively.Conclusions: The incidence of hypospadias is four-fold higher in monochorionic twins compared with dichorionic twins. Hypospadias is also independently associated with small-for-gestational-age.

Fetal growth restriction in singletons has been shown to enhance fetal lung maturation and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome due to increased endogenous steroid production. However, data on lung maturation in growth-discordant monochorionic (thus, identical) twins are lacking. Our objective was to compare the risk of severe neonatal morbidity between the larger and the smaller twin in monochorionic twins with birth weight discordance (BWD). We included in the study all consecutive monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies with severe BWD (≥25%) and two live-born twins delivered at our center (n = 47 twin pairs). We compared the incidence of neonatal morbidity, particularly respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and cerebral lesions between the larger and the smaller co-twin. The incidence of severe neonatal morbidity in the larger and smaller twin was 38% (18/47) and 19% (9/47), respectively (odds ratio (OR) 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94–7.44) and was due primarily to the higher incidence of RDS, 32% (15/47) and 6% (3/47), respectively (OR 6.88, 95% CI 1.66–32.83). In conclusion, this study shows that the larger twin in monochorionic twin pairs with BWD is at increased risk of severe neonatal morbidity, particularly RDS, compared to the smaller twin.