Suchergebnisse

Extracted from Claude Gay's Historia fisica y politica de Chile, 1844-71, Zoologia, t. 6, with t.-p. and half-title of t. 6 included. ; Caption title; at head of title: Fauna chilena. ; Mode of access: Internet.

International social justice in the post-WWII era is studied on a decade-by-decade basis, expressing the need to challenge the dominant perspective that there is no alternative to neoliberal capitalism. The 1960s are viewed as a period in which radical movements emerged on an international level, & the 1970s saw the continuation of revolution & rights movements & the creation of neoconservative political parties in Western nations. It is contended that neoliberal capitalism was concretized during the 1980s, & chaos characterized the world order during the 1990s. Although some business groups favor social democratic reform, it is asserted that such programs are contrary to large corporations' neoliberal capitalist agendas. It is maintained that present & future thought must acknowledge the shortcomings of social democratic programs & the need to confront capitalism; a "eutopian" perspective influenced by Marxist thought is thus recommended. 28 References. J. W. Parker

El artículo hace un recorrido por las diferentes técnicas estadísticas de uso más generalizado en la investigación social (recuento, media, desviación típica, distribución normal, regresión y muestreo), desarrolladas en un período que va del siglo XVII, cuando aparecen las obras de Graunt y de Petty, padres de la aritmética política y precursores de los actuales recuentos de la población, hasta finales del siglo XIX, principios del XX, cuando se desarrollan las técnicas que permiten estudiar las relaciones entre las variables (correlación y regresión), a cargo de Galton y de Pearson. Entre ambos momentos se encuentra la figura de Quetelet, a la que se le presta una especial dedicación, en tanto que precursor, con su «hombre medio», de la modelización estadística, y del uso generalizado y estandarizado de los censos. Además de tener un fin descriptivo, el estudio de los autores mencionados tiene por objeto mostrar las circunstancias, tanto de naturaleza heurística como sociopolítica, que se tuvieron que dar para que sus obras vieran la luz, al tiempo que se muestra el papel que tiene la estadística a la hora de naturalizar el orden social, como paso previo a su aceptación como orden político. ; This article talks about the different statistical techniques (counting, mean, standard deviation, normal distribution, regression), that have been developed from the XVII century, with Graunt and Petty, founders of Political Arithmetic and predecessors of present ways of counting the population, thru the end of the XIX century, when Galton and Pearson developed the models that allows to study relationships between variables (correlation and regression). Between both moments we can find Quetelet, someone very relevant as pioneer of statistical modelling, with his «average man», and father of periodical and standardized census. The article not only has a descriptive purpose, but also it pretends to show the circumstances, both of heuristic and soci-political nature, that made possible the invention of the different statistics, at the same time that I show its role in the naturalization of social order, as a previous condition for its acceptance as political order.