Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis study explores the connection between relationship duration and feelings of closeness in Norwegian men and women, and the association with sexual satisfaction and activity. A sample of 4160 Norwegians aged 18–89 years was enrolled from a randomly selected web panel of 11,685 Norwegians. This study focused on participants who were married or cohabiting (1432 men, 1207 women). Closeness was the highest for men and women who had been with their partner for 0−6 years. However, among those who had been with their partner for 31 years or longer, men felt closer to their partners than women. Irrespective of relationship duration, the most important factor for both men and women's perceived closeness with their partner was general sexual satisfaction. Among men who had lived with their partner for 7−20 years and 31 years or longer, having been monogamous in life was significantly associated with "inclusion of others in the self" (IOS). Further, closeness was associated with higher intercourse frequency, lower masturbation frequency, and satisfaction with genital appearance in men who had been with their partners for 31 years or more. Intercourse frequency was significantly associated with IOS in women who had been with their partner for 0−6 years. Furthermore, in women who had been with their partner for 31 years or more, satisfaction with their own weight was important for IOS. In conclusion, men and women reported similar degrees and patterns of IOS up to the point where they had been in their relationship for more than 30 years. Thereafter, women reported feeling less close to their partners, while men's feelings of closeness increased. This may be related to physiological, psychological, and social changes in the lives of aging men and women.

The model developed draws on resource-based, information-processing, and organizational learning theories to show how JV control processes affect the dynamics of interpartner learning. According to the model, firms forming learning-related JVs match with partners in line with their differences in capability and other requirements; the result is referred to as the asymmetry-need configuration. A satisfactory post-negotiation match implies a balance in perceived bargaining power, enabling both partners to institute controls appropriate for the specific types of learning undertaken. The model stresses that appropriate controls are essential for learning to take place, yet dissimilar learning needs or learning capabilities of the two partners may nonetheless result in unequal learning rates. Such unequal learning sets into motion a continual reconfiguration of the original relationship between the two partners, including modification of the initial asymmetry-need configuration and perception of bargaining power. The model emphasizes that JVs with learning objectives are inherently and inevitably dynamic because of these internal processes. However, control mechanisms themselves are an important means for diagnosing these processes and realigning the relationship. The formulation of such a process model helps to integrate many aspects of the JV relationship, including initial configuration, partner bargaining power, JV controls, and interpartner learning. In addition, the model captures the evolution of the partner relationship over the life of the JV. The focus on JV control processes in this research complements the insights gained from previous work that has looked at JV learning mainly in relation to the characteristics of the partners.

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and potentially debilitating condition faced by many military service members (SM) that has far reaching effects on individuals and their families. Partners' perceptions of SM's PTSD symptoms and their subsequent attributions regarding the causal nature of those symptoms play a significant role in the partner's appraisal of their relationship which may affect the support they provide the SM (e.g., Renshaw et al., 2014). The current study follows a cohort of 152 Iowa National Guard partners over the course of their respective SM's deployment to Afghanistan in support of OEF. Method: Archival data was used for the analyses. Questionnaires were administered before and after deployment to partners which assessed relationship satisfaction. Post-deployment questionnaires also assessed attributions and perceptions of PTSD symptoms. Regression analyses explored whether partner attributions moderated the relationship between partners' perceived SM PTSD symptoms and their satisfaction within the relationship. A second set of similar hierarchical regressions were conducted controlling for pre-deployment levels of relationship satisfaction. Additional, exploratory cross-sectional analyses were conducted to determine predictors of internal/external partner attributions by regressing partner attribution total scores onto two PTSD symptom cluster models. Results. Bivariate correlations revealed that internal partner attributions were negatively associated with partner relationship satisfaction at post-deployment, while external attributions did not demonstrate a significant relationship. Although both cross-sectional external and internal attribution regression models were significant, neither internal nor external attributions moderated the relationship between partners' perceived PTSD symptoms and relationship satisfaction when analyzed. When incorporating pre-deployment levels of relationship satisfaction, internal attributions moderated the relationship between partners' perceived PTSD symptoms and relationship satisfaction, so that the negative relationship between perceptions of SM PTSD symptoms and relationship satisfaction were strongest when partners made less internal attributions and became weaker when they made more. Once again, external attributions did not moderate this relationship. Pre-deployment levels of relationship satisfaction significantly predicted post-deployment relationship satisfaction in both models. Conclusion. This is the first study of its kind to incorporate pre-deployment relationship satisfaction ratings when exploring the potential effects of partners' attributional tendencies on their appraisal of their relationship. Although replication is warranted, these findings broadly demonstrate that certain partner attributions may have an influence on the level of satisfaction they derive from their relationship immediately following a deployment. Additionally, relationship satisfaction levels prior to deployment appear to be an important predictor of relationship satisfaction following deployment. As such, military units may benefit from screening SMs and their partners to better identify relationships in need of additional resources prior to and during deployment (e.g., couples counseling, psychoeducation). Future research examining the influence of partner relationship satisfaction on their willingness to provide social support is warranted.

Die Autoren "wollen einen aktuellen Überblick über die derzeit von Jugendlichen praktizierten Partnerbeziehungen einschließlich ihrer moralischen Einstellungen und ihrer Vorstellungen über die künftige Lebensgestaltung geben. Dabei soll die Spezifik verschiedener Alters- und Tätigkeitsgruppen ... konkret dargestellt werden. Die Partnerbeziehungen werden dabei im Zusammenhang mit anderen Lebensbereichen der Jugendlichen erfaßt, und es wird versucht, so gut wie möglich Bedingungen und Auswirkungen zu analysieren." Dafür wurden 2741 Lehrlinge, junge Arbeiter und Studenten im Alter von 16-25 Jahren aus verschiedenen Gegenden der DDR schriftlich befragt.(HS2)

The dramatic growth of global strategic alliances between firms is fundamentally reshaping the nature of international business, Indeed, interfirm cooperation has become a crucial component of the pursuit of global competitive advantage. Yet such alliances are enormously complex to manage successfully, in part because of the opportunity and incentive to cheat, and profit at the partner's expense, that is an inescapable part of these relationships. Consequently, strategic alliances are frequently subject to high instability, poor performance, and premature dissolution. Thus, an important question arises: Is it possible to promote more stable cooperation and higher alliance performance through a realignment of companies' incentives? This question is addressed empirically in the present paper using recent work in game theory, which suggests that high performance is linked to specific elements of the alliance structure. Further, this study applies insights from international business literature, suggesting that alliance partners from different countries are often characterized by sharp cultural, national, and organizational differences, to test this linkage in an international context. The study's data strongly support the hypothesis that alliance performance is linked to alliance structure. This finding has broad implications both for managers and management scholars, in suggesting that "up front" attention to alliance structure may help arrest the high failure rates, and improve alliance stability and performance levels. However, the data also support the hypothesis that the linkage between structure and performance varies by partner nationality. This finding points to the need for: (a) systematic assessment of salient characteristics of potential international partners; (b) development of programs to effectively deal with important differences between partner firms; and (c) attention to different key alliance structure dimensions, depending upon partner nationality. Finally, this study shows game theory to provide an extremely useful perspective in understanding crucial aspects of strategic alliances, although in the analysis of cross-border strategic alliances, the perspective must be enriched by an appreciation of interfirm diversity.

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to determine whether relationship self‐regulation (changing aspects of the self for the sake of the relationship) or partner regulation (changing the partner for the sake of the self/relationship) was more strongly associated with romantic relationship quality. Twenty studies (5 on relationship self‐regulation, 15 on partner regulation; N = 15,563) were included. A moderate positive association was found between relationship self‐regulation and relationship quality (r = .42). A weak positive association was found between positive partner regulation and relationship quality (r = .14). A negative association was found between negative partner regulation strategies and relationship quality (r = −.22). Partner regulation strategies were unlikely to be successful in prompting change in targeted partners. A weak positive association was found between positive strategies and regulation success (r = .10), and a weak negative association was found between negative strategies and regulation success (r = −.09). Thus, relationship self‐regulation is more strongly associated with relationship quality than partner regulation.

AbstractThis article discusses the conceptual meaning of partner effects, which occur when one person is affected by the behavior or characteristics of his or her partner. We show that partner effects can be used to validate the presence of a relationship and can elaborate the particular nature of that relationship. We discuss possible moderation of partner effects and show that many theoretical variables in relationship research (e.g., similarity) can be viewed as the interactions of partner effects with other variables. We present three extended examples that illustrate the importance of partner effects.

Geographic proximity between parties increases personal interactions and enhances the exchange of tacit information vital to success in collaborative innovation. In a sample of 582 joint R&D ventures, we observe that the distance between partners varies widely. Controlling for the self-selection among partners, we find that more geographically proximate parties tend to establish longer contract duration ex ante to address contracting risks associated with the increased sharing of tacit information. We argue that partner proximity in joint R&D leads to the creation of relationship-specific capital. Thus, the operative governance mode when partners are geographically proximate is organizational in nature. JEL Classification: D23; L24