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Exploring how demographic dynamism continues to shape the character of societies, this forward-looking Research Agenda offers insights into how the human population has undergone fundamental demographic shifts, and the impact these have had on how we organize ourselves politically, the design of our economic systems, and even our societal relationships.

The interconnections between politics and the dramatic demographic changes underway around the world have been under-attended by the two research disciplines that could contribute most to their understanding: demography and political science. Instead this area of "political demography" has largely been ceded to political activists, pundits and journalists, leading to often exaggerated or garbled interpretation. The terrain includes issues that now rank among the most politically sensitive and contested in many parts of the world, engaging high-level attention including that of numerous presidents and premiers: alleged demographically-determined shifts in the international balance of power; low fertility, population aging, and the sustainability of public pension and other age-related systems; international migration; national identity; compositional shifts in politically sensitive social categories (ethnic/religious/racial/linguistic/national origin); and human rights. Moreover it now is apparent that many governments (and nongovernmental actors too) have actively been pursuing varieties of "strategic demography", in which one or more of the three key demographic drivers (fertility, mortality, migration) have been deployed—consciously if not always explicitly—as instruments of their domestic or international strategies. The prospects for the coming decades seem to be for more of the same, and it would well behoove political scientists and demographers to employ their considerable knowledge and analytic techniques in ways that could improve public understanding and moderate the excessive claims and fears that prevail.

This article surveys the growing field of political demography, which explores the political consequences of structural population change. It underscores the importance of integrating demography and political sociology research to better understand the complex and nuanced relationship between demography and political dynamics. The existing research demonstrates profound and multifaceted impacts of demographic shifts on the political landscape, with different demographic factors having distinct political consequences. Notably, population composition and distribution tend to hold greater political significance than sheer population size and growth. Furthermore, while more research is needed, the existing work suggests that the effect of structural demographic factors is neither inevitable nor without limit; rather, the political consequences of demographic change often exhibit nonlinear patterns and interact with prevailing socioeconomic and institutional contexts. As demographic shifts continue to unfold globally, political demography stands as a promising and enlightening area of research that merits further inquiry.

Intro -- Preface -- About This Book -- Contents -- Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction: Political Demography as an Analytical Window on Our World -- 1 Why We Need a Political Demography Lens -- 2 Demographic Megatrends: Global Political Game Changers -- 3 Grey Power and Voting: Pro-Elderly Policy Bias and the Rise of Gerontocracy? -- 4 Putting the Global Political Demography Database to Work -- 4.1 The Age Composition of Societies -- 4.2 International Migration -- 4.3 Patterns of Covariation Between Population and Political Indicators -- 5 Globally Crosscutting Themes of Political Demography: Migration, Religion and Age Profiles -- 6 The 'Old' Continent: Is the European Phoenix Going Back to Ashes? -- 7 The Politics of Routine Mass Immigration: Australia and New Zealand -- 8 The Ever-Diverging American Continent -- 9 The African Continent: Frustrated Youth as a Simmering Threat to Political Order -- 10 The Asian Continent: Population Giants on the Move -- 11 Political Demography as a Perspective on Global Challenges -- References -- 2 Migration in Political Demography: A Review of Evidence -- 1 Introduction: The Problem Stated -- 2 Populations, Migrations and Political Development: Broad Perspectives -- 3 Migration and the Creation of the State: The Exclusionary Dimension -- 4 Migration and the Creation of the State: The Inclusionary Dimension -- 5 Migration and the Transformation of the State -- 6 Conclusion: Towards More Systematic Approaches to Migration in Political Demography -- References -- 3 Youthful Age Structures and the Risks of Revolutionary and Separatist Conflicts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory -- 2.1 The Youth Bulge Hypothesis -- 2.2 Hypotheses -- 3 Methods -- 3.1 The Sample -- 3.2 Temporal Extent of Data -- 3.3 Outcome Variables -- 3.4 Independent Variables.

Among different important issues, which are discussed in Political Demography the
issue of global ageing becomes more and more pressing every year. It is sufficient to take
into account the point that within two forthcoming decades a rapid global increase in the
number of retirement-age persons will lead to its doubling within this fairly small historical
period. The concerns about population ageing apply to both developed and many developing
countries and it has turned into a global issue. In forthcoming decades the population
ageing is likely to become one of the most important processes determining the future society
characteristics and the direction of technological development.
The present volume of the Yearbook (which is the fifth in the series) is subtitled 'Political
Demography & Global Ageing'. It brings together a number of interesting articles
by scholars from Europe, Asia, and America. They examine global ageing from a variety
of perspectives.
This issue of the Yearbook consists of two main sections: (I) Aspects of Political
Demography; (II) Facing Population Ageing.
We hope that this issue will be interesting and useful both for historians and mathematicians,
as well as for all those dealing with various social and natural sciences.

ZusammenfassungGlobal betrachtet sind die Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels unübersehbar. Die durch steigende Lebenserwartung und sinkende Geburtenraten ausgelöste Entwicklung ist eine der größten Errungenschaften des 20. Jahrhunderts. Demographische Veränderungen werden grundlegend durch drei Hauptfaktoren ausgelöst: Mortalität, Fertilität und Migration. All diese Faktoren haben Gesellschaften innerhalb des letzten Jahrhunderts stark geprägt. Deutschland als alterndes Land ist hier keine Ausnahme. In den letzten 20 Jahren hat sich ein aktives Forschungsfeld entwickelt, welches die Wechselwirkungen zwischen demographischen und politischen Faktoren untersucht und im Rahmen dieser Literaturübersicht vorgestellt wird. Trotz einer Vielzahl an Veröffentlichungen fehlt es außerhalb der Migrationsforschung an Vernetzung und Austausch, obwohl schnell voranschreitender demographischer Wandel eine der am besten vorhersagbaren zukünftigen Entwicklungen ist. Innerhalb der deutschen Politikwissenschaft werden demographische Faktoren trotz ihres großen Einflusses und der immer stärker zutage tretenden Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels noch zu selten in Analysen miteinbezogen und ein Austausch mit der Bevölkerungswissenschaft ist selten. Wir plädieren daher für eine stärkere Miteinbeziehung demographischer Prozesse – sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der politikwissenschaftlichen Ausbildung und Lehre.

This open access book draws the big picture of how population change interplays with politics across the world from 1990 to 2040. Leading social scientists from a wide range of disciplines discuss, for the first time, all major political and policy aspects of population change as they play out differently in each major world region: North and South America; Sub-Saharan Africa and the MENA region; Western and East Central Europe; Russia, Belarus and Ukraine; East Asia; Southeast Asia; subcontinental India, Pakistan and Bangladesh; Australia and New Zealand. These macro-regional analyses are completed by cross-cutting global analyses of migration, religion and poverty, and age profiles and intra-state conflicts. From all angles, this book shows how strongly contextualized the political management and the political consequences of population change are. While long-term population ageing and short-term migration fluctuations present structural conditions, political actors play a key role in (mis-)managing, manipulating, and (under-)planning population change, which in turn determines how citizens in different groups react.

International audience ; [In the early 1980s, a new scientific branch, Political Demography, originating from demography, population geography and geopolitics, was born. This birth is explained by the context and aims to study the interrelations between geopolitics and demographic changes.] ; Au tout début des années 1980, une nouvelle branche scientifique, la démographie politique, issue à la fois de la démographie, de la géographie de la population et de la géopolitique nait. Cette naissance s'explique par le contexte et vise comme objectif d'étudier les interrelations entre la géopolitique et les évolutions démographiques.

International audience ; [In the early 1980s, a new scientific branch, Political Demography, originating from demography, population geography and geopolitics, was born. This birth is explained by the context and aims to study the interrelations between geopolitics and demographic changes.] ; Au tout début des années 1980, une nouvelle branche scientifique, la démographie politique, issue à la fois de la démographie, de la géographie de la population et de la géopolitique nait. Cette naissance s'explique par le contexte et vise comme objectif d'étudier les interrelations entre la géopolitique et les évolutions démographiques.