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Intro -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction: Identifying the Challenges -- Synthesis and Overview -- Part II: Evaluation: A Macro Perspective -- 1 Valuation and Evaluation -- Floor Discussion -- 2 Evaluation in a World of Complexity and Information Failures -- Floor Discussion -- 3 Panel Discussion: Evaluation Perspectives on Poverty Reduction -- Floor Discussion -- Part III: Methodological Issues in Evaluation -- 4 Impact Evaluation: Concepts and Methods -- Comments -- Floor Discussion -- 5 Panel Discussion: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Evaluation -- Floor Discussion -- 6 Theory-Based Evaluation: Theories of Change for Poverty Reduction Programs -- Part IV: Participatory Evaluation: Costs and Benefits -- 7 The Front-End Costs and Downstream Benefits of Participatory Evaluation -- Comments -- Floor Discussion -- 8 Building Local Capacity for Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation -- Comments -- Floor Discussion -- Part V: Poverty-Reducing Growth -- 9 Africa and Asia: Evaluation of the Poverty Alleviation Impact of Alternative Development Strategies and Adjustment Responses -- Comments -- Floor discussion -- 10 Lessons Learned from Evaluation of DFID's Aid Program -- Comments -- Floor Discussion -- Part VI: Sectoral and Microlevel Interventions -- 11 Evaluating Microfinance's Impact: Going Down Market -- Comments -- 12 Evaluating Targeted Versus Nontargeted Approaches to Poverty Reduction -- Floor Discussion -- Part VII: Social Funds and Safety Nets -- 13 What Are Social Funds Really Telling Us? -- Comments -- Floor Discussion -- 14 Economic Crises and Social Protection for the Poor: The Latin American Experience -- Comments -- Floor Discussion -- Part VIII: Development Effectiveness in Health, Nutrition, and Population Services

Introduction 1. Developmental Pathways to Poverty Reduction-- Yusuf Bangura PART I: DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 2. Employment, Economic Development and Poverty Reduction-- James Heintz 3. Taxation, Developmental State Capacity and Poverty Reduction-- Jonathan Di John 4. The Effectiveness of IMF/World Bank-Funded Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers-- Ricardo Gottschalk 5. Poverty Reduction and the Politics of Bilateral Donor Relations-- Tom Lavers 6. Politics of Growth and Redistribution in a Democratic Context-- Yusuf Bangura 7. Agrarian Social Pacts and Poverty Reduction-- Adam Sheingate PART II: CASE STUDIES 8. Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in Korea: Governing Multifunctional Institutions-- Huck-ju Kwon and Ilcheong Yi 9. Growing Wealth, Poverty Avoidance and Management in Singapore-- Chua Beng Huat 10. Development Strategies and Poverty Reduction in China-- Jean C. Oi 11. The Unsocial Leviathan: Interests, Institutions and Social Policy in Brazil-- Marcus Andre Melo 12. Ireland's Boom-Bust Cycles: The Elusive Search for a Balanced Development-- Peadar Kirby

ABSTRACTPolicy reforms often pit the poor against the poor by triggering a fall in poverty for some but an increase in poverty for others. Aggregated national measures gloss over these fine patterns and pronounce 'a reduction in poverty'– is such aggregation across poor individuals ethically permissible? Addressing this type of aggregation is a hard issue. This paper has made an attempt in that direction by outlining an axiomatically grounded aggregate measure of such gains or losses, duly giving more importance to the losses to a poor compared to the gains of another poor.

European countries vary in the extent to which they succeed in reducing poverty using social transfers. However, we do not have good ways of understanding how these different outcomes are achieved. It is therefore very difficult to learn lessons from abroad. This paper uses micro data from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Condition (SILC), and attempts to decompose reductions in child poverty rates and gaps into the contribution made by children, old age, social exclusion, housing and work-related benefits. The analysis is undertaken for all families with children under 16, lone parent families, couple families, and then for families with varying levels of work intensity. Transfers make a substantial contribution to reducing child poverty rates and closing poverty gaps. The contribution varies between countries in the European Union. There is no single model, no most successful exemplar. Some countries do better for their children in lone parent households and others do better for their children in couple households. The analysis has enabled some opening up of the how question, though what is going on is still something of a mystery in some countries. It is probable that analysis at the national level with greater knowledge of national benefits systems is necessary to further open the 'black box'.

Intro -- Editors' Note -- Contents -- 1 Inequality in Middle-Income Countries: Analysis and Suggestions -- 1.1 Main Issues -- 1.1.1 Issue 1: Most of the World's Poor Come from Middle-Income Countries -- 1.1.2 Issue 2: Inequality Is Increasing in Many Middle-Income Countries -- 1.1.3 Issue 3: Inequality May Hinder Development -- 1.2 Why Inequality Persists in Middle-Income Countries -- 1.3 Addressing Inequality in Middle-Income Countries: Policy, Practice and Case Studies -- 1.4 The Need for a Diversity of Policies to Reduce Inequality -- 1.4.1 Addressing Regional Inequalities -- 1.4.2 Addressing Inequalities in Health and Education -- 1.4.3 Changes in Fiscal Policy -- 1.4.4 Improving Social Protection -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- 2 Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction of China: Progress and Main Policies -- 2.1 Inclusive Growth in China: Experience and Key Features -- 2.1.1 Reform of the Economic System Promotes Rapid Economic Growth and Drives Large-Scale Poverty Reduction Across the Country (1978-2001) -- 2.1.2 Policy Adjustment Promotes Overall Planning of Urban and Rural Areas and Drives Balanced Development (2002-2010) -- 2.1.3 Building an Institutional System Promotes Inclusive Growth and Boosts Comprehensive, Coordinated and Sustainable Economic and Social Development (Since 2011) -- 2.2 Main Policies Promoting Inclusive Growth in China -- 2.2.1 Adjusting and Optimizing the Industrial Structure, and Emphatically Promoting the Transformation of the Economic Development Model -- 2.2.2 Improving the Quality and Ability of Workers, and Creating More Employment and Development Opportunities -- 2.3 Employment and Social Security Policies for Migrant Population -- 2.4 Labor Transfer and Training -- 2.4.1 Adjusting Income Distribution to Narrow the Income Gap -- 2.5 Policy Concerning Individual Income Tax.

Alleviating Poverty through Development and Achieving Moderate Prosperity for All Chinese -- Policy and Practice of Poverty Alleviation Through Industrial Development -- Operation Mode and Policy Practice of Poverty Alleviation Through Relocation -- Education and Poverty Alleviation under the Perspective of Public Policy -- History and Expectation of Financial Poverty Alleviation in China -- Practice Exploration of Social Poverty Alleviation in China -- Overall Poverty Alleviation Strategy among Areas in China.

The book emphasizes the importance of studying the local context, and then considering the macroeconomic factors which may be operating upon the economy of a particular country. Five extended case studies, in the Gambia, Ecuador, Mexico, Pakistan, and the UK are examined with reference to further aspects of sustainability and impact assessment.