Suchergebnisse

Youth Violence in African American communities is still considered to be at epidemic proportions. The traditional risk factors for youth violence (i.e. delinquent friends, poverty, drug use, carrying a weapon etc.) do not account for the disproportionate overrepresentation of African American males. This study sought to better understand the propensity for violence among African American males ages 14-19 years (N=224) from four different programmatic sites: A Philadelphia high school, an African-centered charter high school, a youth detention facility, and a program that serves youth who are on probation or parole. The findings indicate that internalized racism enhances the variance explained above the variables typically explored in the delinquency and criminology literature. If further research can replicate these findings, this has implications for the content and direction of prevention approaches with African American male youth.

Presented paper aims to reveal new aspects of propensity to emigrate. Overview of prevailing emigration theories is being followed by insight into current emigration tendencies in the European Union. Authors point out, that, despite economic driving forces are rather significant, they alone can not explain why similarly developed countries demonstrate different propensity to emigrate. Difference between qualified and low-qualified labour markets has been distinguished. Driving forces initiating emigration of qualified labour force are being discussed by taking a closer look at supply and demand of knowledge-susceptible employees. Structure of Lithuanian economy, number of universities' graduates, and responses of 1001 business enterprises about supply and demand of high-skilled employees have been taken into account. Applied approach let to reveal new aspects of qualified labour force emigration motives.

Presented paper aims to reveal new aspects of propensity to emigrate. Overview of prevailing emigration theories is being followed by insight into current emigration tendencies in the European Union. Authors point out, that, despite economic driving forces are rather significant, they alone can not explain why similarly developed countries demonstrate different propensity to emigrate. Difference between qualified and low-qualified labour markets has been distinguished. Driving forces initiating emigration of qualified labour force are being discussed by taking a closer look at supply and demand of knowledge-susceptible employees. Structure of Lithuanian economy, number of universities' graduates, and responses of 1001 business enterprises about supply and demand of high-skilled employees have been taken into account. Applied approach let to reveal new aspects of qualified labour force emigration motives. Polinkis emigruoti: priežasčių paieškos Santrauka Straipsnyje ieškoma naujų polinkio emigruoti aspektų. Šiuo tikslu autorės apžvelgia emigracijos teorijų raidą, sugretina jas su faktinėmis šių laikų emigracijos tendencijomis Europos Sąjungoje. Nors itin akcentuojami ekonominiai motyvai emigruoti yra gana stiprūs, jie neduoda atsakymo, kodėl panašiai išsivysčiusios šalys demonstruoja skirtingą polinkį emigruoti. Straipsnyje pažymima, kad kvalifikuota ir nekvalifikuota darbo jėga sudaro skirtingas rinkas. Nagrinėjamos kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos polinkio emigruoti priežastys. Siekiant atskleisti kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos paklausos kitimo kryptis šalyje, sugretinama statistikos duomenimis išreikšta Lietuvos ūkio struktūra, aukštųjų mokyklų absolventų skaičiaus kitimas bei 1001-os įmonės respondentės nuomonė apie kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos pasiūlą bei paklausą. Gauti rezultatai atskleidžia naujų kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos emigravimo motyvų aspektų. Reikšminiai žodžiai: emigracijos motyvai, kvalifikuota darbo jėga, emigracija Lietuvoje.

Presented paper aims to reveal new aspects of propensity to emigrate. Overview of prevailing emigration theories is being followed by insight into current emigration tendencies in the European Union. Authors point out, that, despite economic driving forces are rather significant, they alone can not explain why similarly developed countries demonstrate different propensity to emigrate. Difference between qualified and low-qualified labour markets has been distinguished. Driving forces initiating emigration of qualified labour force are being discussed by taking a closer look at supply and demand of knowledge-susceptible employees. Structure of Lithuanian economy, number of universities' graduates, and responses of 1001 business enterprises about supply and demand of high-skilled employees have been taken into account. Applied approach let to reveal new aspects of qualified labour force emigration motives. Article in Lithuanian. Polinkis emigruoti: priežasčių paieškos Santrauka. Straipsnyje ieškoma naujų polinkio emigruoti aspektų. Šiuo tikslu autorės apžvelgia emigracijos teorijų raidą, sugretina jas su faktinėmis šių laikų emigracijos tendencijomis Europos Sąjungoje. Nors itin akcentuojami ekonominiai motyvai emigruoti yra gana stiprūs, jie neduoda atsakymo, kodėl panašiai išsivysčiusios šalys demonstruoja skirtingą polinkį emigruoti. Straipsnyje pažymima, kad kvalifikuota ir nekvalifikuota darbo jėga sudaro skirtingas rinkas. Nagrinėjamos kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos polinkio emigruoti priežastys. Siekiant atskleisti kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos paklausos kitimo kryptis šalyje, sugretinama statistikos duomenimis išreikšta Lietuvos ūkio struktūra, aukštųjų mokyklų absolventų skaičiaus kitimas bei 1001-os įmonės respondentės nuomonė apie kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos pasiūlą bei paklausą. Gauti rezultatai atskleidžia naujų kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos emigravimo motyvų aspektų. Reikšminiai žodžiai: emigracijos motyvai, kvalifikuota darbo jėga, emigracija Lietuvoje. First published online: 22 Dec 2008

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Propensity score matching is a prominent strategy to reduce imbalance in observational studies. However, if imbalance is considerable and the control reservoir is small, either one has to match one control to several treated units or, alternatively, discard many treated persons. The first strategy tends to increase standard errors of the estimated treatment effects while the second might produce a matched sample that is not anymore representative of the original one. As an alternative approach, this paper argues to carefully reconsider the selection equation upon which the propensity score estimates are based. Often, all available variables that rule the selection process are included into the selection equation. Yet, it would suffice to concentrate on only those exhibiting a large impact on the outcome under scrutiny, as well. This would introduce more stochastic noise making treatment and comparison group more similar. We assess the advantages and disadvantages of the latter approach in a simulation study.