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Despite their less vulnerable economic status, white individuals' attitudes toward overseas trade in the United States may have become more protectionist than those of economically disadvantaged minorities. We present results from five different studies examining two different ways in which trade may have become racialized. First, we examine the extent to which a person's racial identity is associated with levels of trade support. Second, we examine whether the predominant racial identity of a potential trading‐partner country influences people's willingness to trade with that country. Using various surveys and multiple survey experiments conducted over the past 12 years, we find that white individuals have become less supportive of trade than minorities and that whites are more likely than minorities to favor trade with highly similar countries. We suggest that minority support for trade is due to four well‐documented differences in the psychological predispositions of whites and minorities in the United States. Minorities have lower levels of racial prejudice, are lower in social dominance, and express less nationalism than whites. At the same time, there is evidence of rising ingroup racial consciousness among whites. Each of these characteristics has been independently linked to trade support in a direction encouraging greater support for trade among minorities. As the United States grows ever closer to becoming a "majority minority" nation, the racialization of trade attitudes may stimulate shifts in the likely future of America's trade relationships.

The idea of 'race' was an important part of the post-1945 political and ideological context within which migration from the New Commonwealth began. This is demonstrated by an analysis of an important policy document which provides a foundation upon which to evaluate the character and significance of racism in the subsequent political process. This evaluation contrasts and comments upon rival accounts of the impact of racism offered by writers who have analysed official government files from the period. The paper concludes by arguing against a conception of racism which presumes that it is a constant and unchanging ideological bloc within the British political process.

The idea of 'race' was an important part of the post-1945 political and ideological context within which migration from the New Commonwealth began. Argues against a conception of racism which presumes that it is a constant and unchanging ideological bloc within the British political process. (Abstract amended)

This essay reviews the following works:
Slavery Unseen: Sex, Power, and Violence in Brazilian History. By Lamonte Aidoo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. 272. $26.95 paperback. IBSN: 9780822371298.Sexuality and Slavery: Reclaiming Intimate Histories in the Americas. Edited by Dania Ramey Berry and Leslie M. Harris. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2018. Pp. 240. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780820354040.Becoming Free, Becoming Black: Race, Freedom, and Law in Cuba, Virginia, and Louisiana. By Alejandro de la Fuente and Ariela J. Gross. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 294. $24.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108480642.Wicked Flesh: Black Women, Intimacy, and Freedom in the Atlantic World. By Jessica Marie Johnson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020. Pp. 360. $4.95 hardcover. IBSN: 9780812252385.The Origins of Macho: Men and Masculinity in Colonial Mexico. By Sonya Lipsett-Rivera. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. Pp 288. $29.95 paperback. IBSN: 9780826360403.Revolutionary Masculinity and Racial Inequality: Gendering War and Politics in Cuba. By Bonnie A. Lucero. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. Pp. xiii, 345. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826363336.Reckoning with Slavery: Gender, Kinship, and Capitalism in the Early Black Atlantic. By Jennifer L. Morgan. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. Pp. 312. $27.95 paperback. IBSN: 9781478014140.Pobres, negros y esclavos: Música religiosa en Córdoba del Tucumán (1699–1840). By Clarisa Eugenia Pedrotti. Córdoba, Argentina: Editorial Brujas, 2017. Pp. 302. $33.99 paperback. ISBN: 9789877600742.Cuban Literature in the Age of Black Insurrection: Manzano, Plácido, and Afro-Latino Religion. By Matthew Pettway. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2019. Pp. 344. $30.00 paperback. IBSN: 9781496825018.Exquisite Slaves: Race, Clothing, and Status in Colonial Lima. By Tamara J. Walker. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. 240. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781107445956.

Drawing on both historical and contemporary examples, the authors argue that today's global capitalist system is maintained and structured within a global system of White supremacy. Groups of workers are located within a hierarchically organized, racialized labor system that differentially exploits workers based upon their racialized and gendered location. Dominant racialized labor groups (mainly White/European workers) are in general afforded more privileges than subordinate racialized labor groups (workers of color), who face the denial of basic citizenship rights and higher degrees of exploitation and inferior working conditions.