Suchergebnisse

This article documents an unexpected regional difference in the shapes of later Acheulean hand‐axes. Almost 1,200 handaxes from 17 sites located in Europe, East Africa, India, and the Near East were measured using a polar coordinate technique and compared using discriminant analysis and analysis of variance. One group of handaxes, those from Israel, clearly stood apart. The reasons for this distinction are unclear but may relate to raw material, time, or, perhaps, cultural tradition.

The European regions are diverse and have faced many challenges. One of the critical aspects of European Union policy is its attempt to mitigate regional development differences by stimulating economic and social cohesion. The aim of this Dissertation is to contribute for the comprehension of the effectiveness of the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) within Italy. These funds are the main tool of European Union to accomplish the aim of a full socio-economic cohesion. Italy is a particularly interesting member-state as it has experienced many phases of European integration and encompasses a variety of types of regions, with a large range of socio-economic levels. The first three chapters of the Dissertation are a literature review of main concepts needed to reflect on the Dissertation topic. After the chapter number one, that introduces the reader to the project, chapter number two, is dedicated to the Smart Specialisation concept. Smart Specialisation regards the Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation. Here are also evaluated some key elements for a successful Smart Specialisation Strategy (RIS3) a characterising one is the hybrid topdown approach with bottom-up elements through which the RIS3 should be build. Afterward the chapter looks upon this concept and strategies in Italy providing some examples of projects implemented. The chapter number three describes the European Policy related to the Structural funds, it clarifies the European framework for funding and the Europe 2020 strategy. A general overview is made on the implementation of the funds in Italy. Some examples of successful projects implemented in Italy are displayed and a peculiar focus is given to the OpenCoesione portal. Chapter number four deals with the description of the Italian economic context. The Italian economic structure is outlined, sector by sector, with a special attention to Tourism and the Tertiary sector which are the main forces of the Italian economy. The case of the Italian Mezzogiorno is ...

In describing the impact of haciendas on Indian communities of Meso-America and Andean America, historians generally have emphasized the hacendado's unrelenting appropriation of land and labor from native settlements, which were forced constantly to retreat in the face of this pressure. This view can be represented by James Lockhart's description of hacienda expansion. He saw the great estate as an 'essentially unitary social institution [that] maintained constant its function as intermediary between growing Spanish towns and receding Indian villages. It evolved along two simple lines — constant rise in legal ownership of land and change in the balance of the labor force, as permanent workers increased and temporary workers decreased.1As the hacienda expanded outward from the cities, said Lockhart, it gradually engaged the Indians in acculturative processes that made the great estate 'the most powerful instrument of hispanization in Spanish-American culture'.2