Suchergebnisse

Cyprus, a European Union member state, is a small island in the Mediterranean with a population approaching 900,000 people. Cancer is the second leading cause of death; more therapeutic options for any patient with the disease are available in a central oncology centre in the capital of the island (Nicosia) and fewer therapeutic options (e.g. chemotherapy and hormone therapy only) in a few other public hospitals. Palliative care is offered in several hospices and hospitals, although the field needs improvement. With regards to screening, a national breast cancer screening programme has been in place countrywide since 2007 and is offered free of charge to women between the ages of 50 and 69 years, while colorectal and prostate cancer screening is performed on an individual basis (a pilot programme for colorectal cancer screening was recently initiated). Genetic testing is available for breast and colon cancer. To improve understanding of the causes of cancer in the country, a cancer research centre was established in 2010 (Mediterranean Centre for Cancer Research). Recent epidemiologic work has revealed increasing cancer trends in Cyprus; prostate cancer is the most common in men and breast cancer is the most common in women. Interestingly, thyroid cancer incidence in women has been rising from 1998 to 2008. Cancer of the colon and rectum is also on the rise affecting both sexes. Overall, cancer incidence in Cyprus is lower than other EuroMed countries with similar lifestyle and geography.

An important type of medical study seeks to establish the risk factors for contracting various diseases. A similar, but very small, vein of research exists in peace and conflict studies, and we seek to contribute to it. Our study evaluates whether variables shown to explain variance in numbers of forced migrants can serve as risk factors that might aid contingency planning for such humanitarian crises. We study a cross-national sample of cases over the period from 1985 through 1994. Our findings indicate that annual, country-level indicators of civil war, a forced migrant episode, and human rights violations are candidate risk factors for forced migration in the following year. Interestingly, when using country-years as the unit of observation genocide is not a useful risk factor for forced migration.

This article reviews individual risk factors for bullying, especially gender, age, aggressiveness, low intelligence and achievement, hyperactivity-impulsiveness, low empathy, low self-esteem, depression, unpopularity, and physical and biological features. It also reports individual, family and socio-economic predictors and correlates of bullying discovered in a longitudinal survey of 411 London boys. The most important individual risk factors are low impulsiveness and low empathy, and they could be targeted in cognitive-behavioural skills training programmes. Adapted from the source document.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine risk factors associated with Western Australian secondary school students' involvement in violence-related behaviours. Design/methodology/approach - This cross-sectional study examined data collected using an anonymous self-completion questionnaire from 542 school students aged 13-17 years. The questionnaire measured risk factors associated with being a perpetrator and/or victim of violence-related behaviours. Findings - Gender was significantly associated with being a victim and perpetrator of violence-related behaviours. Males were significantly more likely than females to be a victim of threatening and physical violence at school, and to be a perpetrator of physical violence at school and in the community. Males were significantly more likely than females to watch violent media, with exposure to violent media associated with physically hurting someone at school. Students involved in greater acts of animal cruelty had increased odds of being involved in all forms of the violence measured. Research limitations/implications - Limitations such as the cross-sectional nature of the study and the small sample size are noted, along with suggestions for future research. Practical implications - Implications of the research for practitioners working with adolescents, with a particular focus on the school setting, are discussed. Originality/value - Most previously published research on adolescent involvement in violence has been conducted outside Australia, and as such, may not be directly applicable to the experiences of young people in Western Australia. Adapted from the source document.

Intro -- MALNUTRITIONRISK FACTORS, HEALTH EFFECTSAND PREVENTION -- NUTRITION AND DIET RESEARCHPROGRESS -- MALNUTRITIONRISK FACTORS, HEALTH EFFECTSAND PREVENTION -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1. METABOLIC DISORDERS: IS THEREA RELATION WITH NUTRITIONAL CHANGESDURING THE PRENATAL STAGE? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERNAL NUTRITIONAND FETAL DEVELOPMENT -- FETAL PROGRAMMING,METABOLISMAND FEEDING DISORDERS -- PRENATAL NUTRITION AND THEIR RELATIONWITH FEEDING BEHAVIOR DISORDERS -- A. Causal Factors of EDs -- B. Genetic Factors -- C. Social and Environmental Factors -- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY AND FOOD INTAKE -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. SPECIFICS OF MALNUTRITIONIN THE ELDERLY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALNUTRITIONIN THE ELDERLY -- PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION IN THE ELDERLY -- PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY -- RISK FACTORS OF MALNUTRITION IN THE ELDERLY -- TYPES OF MALNUTRITION -- CLINICAL PICTURE OF MALNUTRITIONIN THE ELDERLY -- DIAGNOSIS OF MALNUTRITION IN THE ELDERLY -- 1. Nutrition History -- Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) -- 2. Anthropometrical Examinations -- Body Mass -- Body-Mass Index (BMI) -- Mid-Arm Circumference -- Triceps Skin Fold -- Determination of the Circumference of the Musculature of the Arm -- 3. Laboratory Examinations -- Biochemical Examinations -- Total Protein (TP) -- Albumin -- Prealbumin -- Transferin -- Cholinesterase -- Serum Lipids -- Total Cholesterol -- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) -- Hematological and Immunological Examinations -- Absolute Number of Lymphocytes -- 4. Functional Examination - Dynamometry -- Prevention of Malnutrition in the Elderly -- THERAPY OF MALNUTRITION AND DEFICIENCY STATESIN THE ELDERLY -- 1. Dietary Measures and Adjustment of Dietary Habits -- 2. Enteral Nutrition.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a collection of symptoms in the human skeletal and muscular systems, which are characterized by discomfort or pain. The International Labor Organization (ILO) stated that MSDs are the most common health problem among office workers in 27 countries under the European Union. Therefore, this study aims to determine the risk factors for MSDs among office workers. Method: This study used the literature review method by accessing an online database using different keywords, namely risk factors, musculoskeletal disorders, and office workers. Subsequently, 939, 1,421, and 243 articles were obtained from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed.Gov, respectively, with a total of 2,603. The inclusion criteria include papers published between 2011 and 2021, relevant titles and abstracts, primary study with a cross-sectional design, as well as full-text availability. Incomplete articles that are irrelevant to the topic were then excluded, after which a total of eight were selected for analysis. Result: Based on selected articles known that the risk factors for MSDs include age, gender, knowledge of ergonomics, work posture, work facilities, duration of work, physical activity, and psychosocial factors in the workplace. Conclusion: The significant risk factors for MSDs include increasing age, female gender, increased work duration, poor knowledge of ergonomics, wrong work posture, non-ergonomic support facilities, lack of physical activity, as well as poor psychosocial conditions in the workplace.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine risk factors associated with Western Australian secondary school students' involvement in violence-related behaviours.


Design/methodology/approach
– This cross-sectional study examined data collected using an anonymous self-completion questionnaire from 542 school students aged 13-17 years. The questionnaire measured risk factors associated with being a perpetrator and/or victim of violence-related behaviours.


Findings
– Gender was significantly associated with being a victim and perpetrator of violence-related behaviours. Males were significantly more likely than females to be a victim of threatening and physical violence at school, and to be a perpetrator of physical violence at school and in the community. Males were significantly more likely than females to watch violent media, with exposure to violent media associated with physically hurting someone at school. Students involved in greater acts of animal cruelty had increased odds of being involved in all forms of the violence measured.


Research limitations/implications
– Limitations such as the cross-sectional nature of the study and the small sample size are noted, along with suggestions for future research.


Practical implications
– Implications of the research for practitioners working with adolescents, with a particular focus on the school setting, are discussed.


Originality/value
– Most previously published research on adolescent involvement in violence has been conducted outside Australia, and as such, may not be directly applicable to the experiences of young people in Western Australia.