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Argues that the international domain of human rights is rife with double standards & the issue is generally used for political rather than humanitarian purposes. The media, state governments, & non-governmental organizations are guilty of a politically biased approach to human rights. Emphasis is placed on the need to maintain a balance between respect for human rights & non-interference into the affairs of an individual state. Although the Vienna Declaration & Program of Action, adopted 25 June 1993 at the World on Human Rights, describes important aspects of the human rights principle, it "fails to specifically ban excessive politization of interstate cooperation in the human rights sphere." Attention is called to cases in which political bias is camouflaged as "genuine" concern for human rights & situations in which double standards incur interference into domestic competence. The 15 March 2006 United Nations resolution that established the Human Rights Council as a subsidiary body of the General Assembly is a move towards eliminating double standards & improving interstate cooperation in regard to human rights. J. Lindroth

This chapter deals with the question of whether labour standards are less relevant or more relevant for the new world of work which is vastly different from the old world of work when most labour standards were first established. The various rationales for labour standards are first outlined. This is followed by a discussion of the changing pressures in the labour market that emanate from various forces: the pressures affecting employers and hence their demand for labour; the changing nature of the supply of labour; changes in forms of employee representation and the legal and regulatory environment in which the parties operate; and changes in the workplace and human resource practices within firms. These pressures lead to a changing role and need for labour standards, generally increasing the need, but also tending to reduce the ability of governments to provide such standards. Some illustrative evidence of the impact of specific labour standards is outlined, followed by a discussion of labour standards in developing and emerging economies. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible elements of smart regulation in this area to deal with the difficult trade-off between the increased need for labour standards confronting the reduced ability of governments to provide such standards.

The paper is an attempt to analyze the perception of accounts preparers, chartered accountants and academicians in Mysore cityKarnataka, to find if the convergence of Indian accounting standards with IFRS is beneficial or not? Another major goal of this study is to justify that well and good accounting standards are not responsible for accounting scandals. Finally, the study cames to a conclusion that convergence of Indian Standards with IFRS is beneficial for investors, government and corporate sector respectively. Majority of the respondents agree with the significance of convergence of Indian accounting standards with IFRS and they say that, using IFRS as a reporting language brings uniformity and fairness in financial statements. However, the study states that, avoiding of accounting scandals is possible through an ethical practice among entities and auditors.

Die Autoren haben als wichtige Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Qualitätskriterien für Evaluationen die amerikanischen 'Programm Evaluation Standards' ins Deutsche übersetzt. Das Programm orientiert bei der Planung und Evaluation von Evaluationen(Meta-Evaluation) ebenso wie bei der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Evaluatoren. Die Kurzfassung vermittelt einen ersten Eindruck von den 'Standards' (IAB2)

The state of play in standards and standards reform / Martin Dowson, Dennis M. McInerney, and Shawn Van Etten -- Teacher risk taking changes in the context of school reform : a sociocultural and cognitive motivational perspective / Thomas G. Reio, Jr. and Sue Lasky -- Bridging across the mile-wide and mile-deep chasm : living and coping with standards-based reform in science education / Junlei Li -- Educational effectiveness : the importance of evidence-based teaching practices for the provision of quality teaching and learning standards / Kenneth J. Rowe -- Towards a theory of practice : critical transdisciplinary multiliteracies / James Albright, Christopher S. Walsh, and Kiran D. Purohit -- Identification with academics, stereotype threat, and motivation to achieve in school / Jason W. Osborne, J. Thomas Kellow, and Brett D. Jones -- The effects of ICT standards on educational motivation and learning : the Australian experience / Juhani E. Tuovinen -- National education in Singapore schools : challenges of engagement and motivation / Giok Ling Ooi -- Motivation in the context of project work : the self-determination perspective / Woon Chia Liu ... [et al.] -- Professional preparation standards for the practicum / Catherine Sinclair -- Standards in higher education distance learning environments : a sociocultural perspective / Martin Dowson, Stuart Devenish, and Julie Passmore -- Designing educational web pages : the standards for activist online communications / Gulsun Kurubacak and Eyup Irgat -- Standards for quantitative research in diverse sociocultural contexts / Phillip Parker, Martin Dowson, and Dennis McInerney -- The contribution of home background to student inequality in secondary schools in Norway / Lihong Huang

In many industries, including telecommunications, a government decision on a standard is needed for the society to reap the benefits from the diffusion of new goods. Delays induced by regulatory bodies either in standard choice or its implementation can be extremely costly. I study governments' choice of first generation (1G) mobile telephony standards using an international dataset. Larger and richer countries are faster to adopt. Countries take indirect network effects into account in their timing decisions. Political institutions systematically affect the speed of adoption: Democracies give telecom human capital and indirect network effects more weight. ; Monilla toimialoilla valtio (tai muu julkinen toimija) tekee päätöksen alalla sovellettavasta standardista. Standardin valinta on usein edellytys sille, että uuden hyödykkeen tai teknologian käyttö yleistyy ja että sen mahdollistama hyvinvoinnin lisäys toteutuu. Viipeet standardin valitsemisessa voivat siten olla kuluttajien (ja yleisemminkin yhteiskunnan) kannalta haitallisia. Telekommunikaatio on esimerkki toimialasta, jolla standardien valinta on tärkeää. Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkitaan ensimmäisen polven matkapuhelinstandardien valintaa käyttäen kansainvälistä tilastoaineistoa. Empiirinen analyysi osoittaa, että suuremmat ja rikkaammat maat valitsevat standardin nopeammin ja että epäsuorat verkostovaikutukset otetaan standardipäätöstä tehtäessä huomioon. Myös poliittiset instituutiot vaikuttavat standardipäätöksen nopeuteen systemaattisella tavalla: Tulokset antavat viitteitä siitä, että demokraattiset maat laittavat painoa (telekommunikaatioalan) henkiselle pääomalle sekä epäsuorille verkostovaikutuksille enemmän kuin maat, joissa demokratia on heikompaa.

In our past work, we had analyzed the correlation between gender standards and democratic standards in post-colonial North Africa, and found it to be essentially non-existent, despite the fact that these two standards are highly correlated worldwide, and despite the analytical evidence to the effect that they go hand in hand. We revisit our previous analysis, in light of recent developments in North Africa and the Middle East.

This is an outline of rules pertaining to the standard practices of the Legislative Oversight Committee. Flowcharts are included.

"In der Entwicklung technischer Systeme kommt Standards eine große Bedeutung zu. Standards enthalten teils eher proklamatorische und teils eher deklaratorische Vorgaben, wie Technik im Hinblick auf bestimmte Aspekte und Funktionen zu gestalten ist. Standards sind Gegenstand und Mittel staatlicher Steuerung, aber auch gesellschaftlicher Selbstorganisation." Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Rolle des Staates bei der Setzung und Durchsetzung von Standards analysiert. Die Rolle variiert mit dem Typus von Standard, um den es geht, und sie ändert sich, wenn nicht nur die nationale, sondern auch die internationale Ebene betrachtet wird. Bei seiner Analyse beschränkt sich der Autor auf kodifizierte Standards, die jedoch nicht rechtsverbindlich sein müssen. Ausgeschlossen bleiben somit die Industriestandards oder De-facto-Standards. Die unterschiedlichen Zwecke von Standards werden in koordinative und regulative Zwecke differenziert, da für den Prozeß ihrer Entstehung und ihrer Durchsetzung entscheidend ist, ob die Standards regulieren oder koordinieren sollen. Da Standards oft nicht nur national, sondern auch international koordiniert und reguliert werden müssen, wird die Analyse um diese Dimension erweitert. Die Kombination der beiden Zwecke der Standardisierung mit den beiden Ebenen der Entstehung und Implementation von Standards ergibt vier Varianten, die vom Autor näher untersucht wenden. Dabei geht es darum, das Verhältnis von gesellschaftlicher Selbstregelung und staatlicher Steuerung im Hinblick auf die Setzung und Durchsetzung von Standards zu bestimmen. Soweit empirische Befunde herangezogen werden, stammen sie aus dem Bereich der Standardisierung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik, wo allerdings das Problem negativer Externalitäten deutlich weniger relevant ist als etwa in der Elektrizitätsversorgung. Aktuelle Beispiele für den Umgang mit negativen Externalitäten finden sich im Bereich des Umweltschutzes, der zunehmende gesellschaftliche und politische Aufmerksamkeit findet. (ICD)