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Danmu subculture is a unique phenomenon of Chinese youth subculture in the Internet space. Its main group of people are young people who grew up with the Internet in China and are the only children in their parents' families: they do not lack parental love and do not feel any material difficulties, but they are characterised by spiritual loneliness, from which the Internet space has become their escape. This paper argues that the uniqueness of the young generation, globalisation and routinisation of the Internet are the social contexts in which the Chinese Danmu subculture emerged and developed, and its unique language form is an expression of rebellion against the culture of the parents' generation and the dominant culture, a kind of 'symbolic resistance', and manifests the cultural identity of this interesting group, the circle of Danmu subculture created by young people separates it from the dominant culture and other subcultures. It has an obvious «participatory» character, which is the secondary creation of original videos and the carnivalesque participation of youth groups in online videos. In addition, as the Danmu subculture moves beyond its unique cultural circle, a reversal for the dominant culture gradually emerges. The author presents the idea that a complex relationship is formed between the Danmu subculture and the dominant culture, which includes both rebellion and compartmentalisation as well as beneficial reversal and active neighbourhood. It is thought that over time, the Danmu subculture may become a mass culture and a tool for youth groups to identify with the dominant culture.

Most comprehensive discussions of the police acknowledge the inability of legal and bureaucratic regulations to determine officer behavior. Attention is turned instead toward the informal norms developed within the police subculture. These discussions, however, tend to overstress the chasm between the formal and informal. They also provide inadequate tools for understanding differentiation, conflict, and change within police departments. I address these shortcomings here by mobilizing a particular conceptualization of the term "normative order"—as a set of rules and practices oriented around a central value. Six such orders are crucial to policing: law, bureaucratic control, adventure/machismo, safety, competence, and morality. I illustrate the importance of each by drawing upon ethnographic observations of the Los Angeles Police Department, and explain how my conceputalization offers a comprehensive yet flexible means to understand the social world of policing.

Abstract
Sympatric speciation is typically presented as a rare phenomenon, but urban subcultures frequently emerge even in the absence of geographic isolation. Is there perhaps something that culture has but biological inheritance does not that would account for this difference? We present a novel model that combines assortative interaction and multidimensional inheritance. Our computer simulations show that assortment alone can lead to the formation of cohesive clusters of individuals with low within-group and large between-group variability even in the absence of a spatial separation or disruptive natural selection. All it takes is a proportionality between the variance of inputs (cultural 'parents') and outputs (cultural 'offspring'). We argue that variability-dependent inheritance cannot be easily accomplished by genes alone, but it may be the norm, not the exception, in the transmission of culture between humans. This model explains the frequent emergence of subcultures and behavioural clustering in our species and possibly also other cultural animals.

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Researching Subcultures, Myth and Memory -- Subcultural Studies -- Myth and Memory -- On the Chapters in This Volume -- Conclusion -- Section I: Conceptual Clarifications -- Chapter 2: Situating 'Subculture': On the Origins and Limits of the Term for Understanding Youth Cultures -- Youth, Subculture and Style -- Unsettled Accounts -- Reconsidering Subculture -- Situating Subculture as a Fictional Narrative -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Myth and Authenticity in Subculture Studies -- Myth -- Realism and the Function of Myth -- Structuralism and Myth -- The CCCS, Authenticity, and Subcultural Myth-making -- Subcultures: From Authentic Styles to Authentic Identities -- Conclusion -- Section II: Media, Myths and Subcultural Actors -- Chapter 4: Punk Legends: Cultural Representation and Ostension -- A Tale of Two 'Punks' -- Punk Villainy -- Punk Heroics -- Reading Punk Legends -- The Future of Punk (Research) -- Chapter 5: 'Bad to the Bone': The Myth and Mystique of the Motorcycle Gang -- 'Hey Johnny, What're You Rebelling Against?': The Motorcycle Gang Mythology -- Havoc at Hollister: Genesis of a Motorcycle Myth -- Motorcycle Mayhem and Moral Panic -- Black Rebels on the Silver Screen -- A 'Strange and Terrible Saga': The Rise of the Hells Angels -- 'A Bad Jolt on the Squares': The Outlaws' Allure -- Asphalt Cowboys and the Myths of the American West -- Fact, Fiction and the Development of the Motorcycle Gang -- Eternal Bad Boys: The Motorcycle Gang Mythology Endures -- Chapter 6: 'Two Baltimores' and the Conflicting Representations of Baltimore's Wild Out Wheelie Boyz -- The WoWBoyz as a Scene -- Disenfranchisement and Repressive Policing -- Mobility and Protest in East Baltimore -- The Media Politics of the WoWBoyz -- Eye in the Sky -- Conflicting Images of the WoWBoyz.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Introduction -- Part I Genders -- Dark Admissions -- Queens of the Damned -- Peri Gothous -- Men in Black -- Part II Performances -- This Modern Goth (Explains Herself) -- Playing Dress Up -- Undead Fashion -- ''Goth Damage'' and Melancholia -- Part III Localities -- ''To commit suicide in Buffalo is redundant'' -- ''Ah am witness to its authenticity'' -- The (Un)Australian Goth -- Part IV Artifacts -- Atrocity Exhibitions -- Material Distinctions -- Geek/Goth -- The Authentic Dracula -- Part V Communities -- ''When you kiss me, I want to die'' -- The Cure, the Community, the Contempt! -- ''We are all individuals, but we've all got the same boots on!'' -- Part VI Practices -- That Obscure Object of Desire Revisited -- God's Own Medicine -- Gothic Fetishism -- The Aesthetic Apostasy -- References -- Contributors -- Index

Green knowledge: the living environment of an Australian tribe -- Finding the way: navigating the Pacific -- Sickness as a way of life -- Remembering the past, interpreting the present, imagining the future -- An absence of culture