Suchergebnisse

W artykule podjęto próbę oceny sytuacji gmin wiejskich województwa opolskiego w zakresie związków pomiędzy warunkami życia na wsi a poziomem aktywności jej mieszkańców. Można przypuszczać, że obszary wiejskie, gdzie mieszkańcy wykazują znaczną aktywność ekonomiczną, społeczną czy kulturalną charakteryzują się również wyższą jakością życia i odwrotnie. Równocześnie, zweryfikowano założenie, że obszary wiejskie o wysokiej aktywności są również zarządzane przez aktywne samorządy, podejmujące inicjatywy rozwojowe zarówno lokalne, regionalne jak i europejskie. Samorząd terytorialny województwa opolskiego wdraża wiele inicjatyw mających na celu aktywizację społeczną i ekonomiczną mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich (m.in.: Odnowa Wsi, Opolskie Specjały, Program LEADER, Energia Odnawialna Opolszczyzny), a przez to znaczącą poprawę warunków życia na wsi. Podejmowane działania przynajmniej w części ułatwić mają różnicowanie ekonomicznych podstaw funkcjonowania społeczności lokalnych, a także sprzyjać poprawie struktury społecznej obszarów wiejskich oraz służyć wzmocnieniu poczucia tożsamości regionalnej i lokalnych więzi.

Corporate social responsibility in Georgia is a very disputable phenomenon, mostly because of the tribal character of the region's politi-cal transformation. Business elites do not cooperate with society, but place themselves above it. Exception from this general rule may be made of situations when they strive for political legitimacy (B. Iwaniszwili). Nowadays business in Georgia is not interested in developing corporate social responsibility. Georgian businessman perceive it more as a significant expense than an investment. Public authorities are deprived of sufficient control over private business sector to force the implementa-tion of riles of corporate responsibility. Georgia is devoid of an essential fundament for corporate respon-sibility – civil society. Economy is treated there as a system of inexhaust-ible resources [4: 343], which may be endlessly exploited, while giving at the same time nothing in return. The treatment of society and democracy by business elites is highly instrumental [8: 160]. Thus "the interests of the ruling elites constitute a point of reference to the already realized or still wanted paradigms of modernization, and not the other way" [8: 192]. Business elites and society function in the environment impressionable by tribalism and clan politics, which influences the effects of transformation processes, inter alia: non-market distribution of assets, quasi-militarization of economic relations and tendency to sustain monopolies at any cost [32: 4]. Business in Georgia is taking advantage of the regression caused by the economic transformation. It builds its own position against a background of such transformation. Thus the reduction of unemploy-ment, preventing further collapse of the agricultural sector and providing political stability are simply unprofitable. Such phenomenon as corrup-tion, clan structure or nepotism dominate corporate social responsibility in Georgia. Georgia faces strong tendencies to appropriation of power and putting group interests before the public good. In ...

Michał A. Michalski, Z powrotem do oikos nomos, z powrotem do rzeczywistości… Materialistyczna transformacja kultury Zachodu a zwrot społeczno-kulturowy w ekonomii [Back to oikos nomos, Back to Reality… Materialistic Transformation of the Western Culture and Socio-Cultural Turn in Economics] edited by W. Banach, M.A. Michalski, J. Sójka, "Człowiek i Społeczeństwo" vol. XLVI: Między Chinami a Zachodem. Pytanie o źródła chińskiego sukcesu gospodarczego [Between China and the West. An inquiry into the sources of the Chinese economic miracle], Poznań 2018, pp. 203–215, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.In this article, I put forward the thesis that the current socio-economic situation is to a large extent caused by the changes that have taken place in Western culture over the last few centuries. This means that, to a large extent, the considerations discussed here refer to the perspective of economic culture. The reason for undertaking this issue is paradoxical situation of socio-economic stagnationand recourse in the contemporary West which has achieved unprecedented level of social, scientific and technological development.In order to explain this problem, the article proposes to analyse the process of materialisation of the Western culture which means that the materialistic point of view colonizes at the same time capitalist and socialist concepts and policies. It becomes evident e.g. in the prioritizing economic policy and economic development as the universal solution to all social challenges and marginalizing metaphysical aspects of human and social existence. According to the conclusion of the article it is necessary to understand the influence of materialisticpoint of view in order to rethink and analyse contemporary shape of Western culture and condition of Western civilization.

At present, it seems as though the era of economic and political transformation in Poland, which started in 1988 with the so-called Economic Freedom Act, the Polish 'Round Table Talks', and the first open parliamentary elections of June 1989, is coming to an end. This period began with the opening up of Poland to international trade, which put an end to socialistic shortages, as well as the reforms of Leszek Balcerowicz and the policy of imitative development, in which institutions typical of developed countries were adopted. The next stage of the process was massive privatization, based to a large extent on international capital inflows, the opening up of branches of new manufacturing and service companies by foreign corporations in Poland, as well as the relocation of service centers of large international corporations.

At the beginning of Poland's post-socialist economic and political transformation, the then President of Poland and icon of Poland's struggle for democracy, Lech Wałęsa, declared, referring to Poland's economy, that we should build "a second Japan". The statement has since been ridiculed on a number of occasions, as Japan represented a great economic success, but nevertheless achieved in an entirely different historical, systemic and, most importantly, cultural environment. The Poles looked West at a narrow range of systemic arrangements and policies as the solutions to their post-socialist underdevelopment and never really considered other options. ; Na początku polskiej post-socjalistycznej transformacji gospodarczej i politycznej ówczesny Prezydent Polski i ikona polskiej walki o demokrację, Lech Wałęsa, zadeklarowali, odnosząc się do polskiej gospodarki, że powinniśmy budować "drugą Japonię". Stwierdzenie to było od czasu do czasu wyśmiewane, ponieważ Japonia reprezentowała wielki sukces gospodarczy, ale mimo to osiągnęła zupełnie inne, historyczne, systemowe i, co najważniejsze, kulturowe otoczenie. Polacy patrzyli na Zachód w wąskim zakresie systemowych ustaleń i polityk jako rozwiązań dla ich postsocjalistycznego zacofania i nigdy tak naprawdę nie rozważali innych opcji.

29 cm ; The implementation of economic reforms at national and local level by the government of Cuba would have direct and roundabout impacts on the natural environment of the Island. It will also change irreversibly its environment as well as perception of this country as an "environmental paradise ". We will approach the subject based on our observations made during a field study, in 2012 in Cuba. The objective is to discuss the environmental impacts that may be caused by the invigoration of economic activity, together with the liberalization of certain commercial and productive activities on the Island. ; 29 cm ; Każdy numer posiada własny tytuł. ; The implementation of economic reforms at national and local level by the government of Cuba would have direct and roundabout impacts on the natural environment of the Island. It will also change irreversibly its environment as well as perception of this country as an "environmental paradise ". We will approach the subject based on our observations made during a field study, in 2012 in Cuba. The objective is to discuss the environmental impacts that may be caused by the invigoration of economic activity, together with the liberalization of certain commercial and productive activities on the Island.

Współczesne spojrzenie na procesy rozwoju terytorialnego coraz silniej eksponuje sprawność otoczenia instytucjonalnego dla prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej oraz organizowania życia społeczności miejskich i regionalnych. W perspektywie tej upatruje się podstaw procesów ekonomicznych zarówno w instytucjach formalnych (np. przejrzystość i efektywność prawa, sprawność działania przedsiębiorstw i organizacji sektora publicznego), jak i pozaformalnych (takich jak czynniki kulturowe, poziom zaufania społecznego, sposób zorganizowania społeczności i społeczeństw). Pozwala to dostrzec, że w warunkach rosnącej mobilności kapitału, ludności, towarów i informacji pewne czynniki odpowiedzialne za rozwój gospodarczy wciąż pozostają "zlokalizowane", choć ich charakter bywa trudno uchwytny. Zjawisko terytorialnego zróżnicowania instytucjonalnych czynników rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego skłania do sięgnięcia po dorobek intelektualny ekonomii instytucjonalnej, w której podejmowane są liczne próby wyjaśniania przyczyn tych rozbieżności. Celem publikacji jest wskazanie możliwości zastosowań ekonomii instytucjonalnej – jako dynamicznie rozwijającej się gałęzi nauk ekonomicznych – w analizowaniu procesów rozwoju terytorialnego, przede wszystkim w kontekście relacji między instytucjami, bliskością i obecnym rozumieniem pojęcia "przestrzeń". ; Contemporary analyses of territorial development processes expose more and more often the impact of institutional environment on the economies, as well as on local and regional communities. This perspective takes into consideration both formal and informal institutions. It claims that such factors, as: transparency and efficiency of laws and regulations, efficient functioning of enterprises and public sector organizations, but also culture and the level of trust in the society, affect essentially the level of development, not only in national but also local and regional economies. What is more, in the conditions of growing mobility of capital, people, goods and information, certain institutional factors responsible for economic development are still localized, although their nature is sometimes elusive. This book aims at identification of the possible applications of institutional economics, in the analysis of territorial development processes, especially in the context of the relations between institutions, proximity, and the contemporary current understanding of the concept of "space". The review and classification of various strands of institutional economics in terms of their helpfulness for the study of territorial development processes, highlights the role of institutions as more and more important factor of economic development. The reasoning of this monograph allowed to conclude high usefulness of various fields of institutional economics in the study of local and regional development processes, as well as the possibility of treating them as complementary research approaches. However, one of the important conditions for use of the achievements of institutional economics in the study of the processes of territorial development is a combination of data, theoretical base, as well as research methods and researchers. As far as the local and regional development policy is concerned, this work makes it possible to form a thesis that the effectiveness of this policy depends on the awareness of the complexity of the process of institutional transformation. Furthermore, the modern territorial development is the result of the hybridization of formal and informal institutions, resulting from the search for their optimal combination of different institutional layers in various spaces. Among the addressees of the book, we can mention the representatives of economic science, geography, management, and social scientists engaged in the exploration of institutional factors responsible for the socio- -economic development at local and regional level. It can be also interesting for the specialists of land-use planning, urban and regional economics, local government managers and employees, as well as workers of central government agencies responsible for regional planning, urban policy and spatial policy. ; Publikacja finansowana ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w ramach grantu "Współfinansowanie projektu międzynarodowego Funkcjonowanie lokalnych systemów produkcyjnych w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego (analiza porównawcza i benchmarking w wybranych krajach UE oraz krajach trzecich)". Nr umowy: 2529/7.PR/2012/2.

This paper deals with transformation of ownership relations in Poland after 1990. Privatization is described here as a complicated economic, political and social process and the basis of efficient markets. The author presents the theoretical justification for privatization. The issues of effective investor, exclusivity, voluntary transferability of property rights and conditions of the capital market functioning related to property relations are discussed here. Along with the analysis of the policy and the course of privatization in Poland, the author presents the effects, economic and social defects of these processes and recommends subordinating the elimination of the technological gap to the challenges of privatization. ; Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie transformacji stosunków własnościowych w Polsce po 1990 roku. Prywatyzacja jest tu opisywana jako skomplikowany proces ekonomiczny, polityczny i społeczny oraz podstawa sprawnych rynków. Autor przedstawia teoretyczne uzasadnienie prywatyzacji. Eksponowane są tu kwestie efektywnego inwestora, wyłączności, dobrowolnej transferowalności praw własności oraz uwarunkowania funkcjonowania rynku kapitałowego związane ze stosunkami własnościowymi. Na tle analizy polityki i przebiegu prywatyzacji w Polsce autor przedstawia efekty, defekty ekonomiczne i społeczne tych procesów oraz zaleca podporządkowanie jej wyzwaniu eliminacji luki technologicznej.

Seria: Multi-Annual Programme 2005-2009. The economic and social conditions of the development of the Polish food economy following Poland's accession to the European Union, no 58.1 ; Charakterystyka demograficzna ludności wiejskiej: wiek, płeć, wykształcenie, aktywność gospodarcza. Społeczno-demograficzna charakterystyka wybranych grup ludności wiejskiej: emigrujących, gospodarstw prowadzących działalność nierolniczą na obszarach wiejskich. ; Kamila Sobiecka

24 cm ; Agricultural land is declining in many mountainous regions of the world, often because political and economic changes make agriculture less profitable. This study compared the structure of land use in the Homerka catchment, an area of 19.3 km2 located in the West Polish Carpathians, using GIS techniques and cartographic materials between 1977 and 2009. This period covers the transformation of the Polish economy from a communist system to a free-market economy after 1989. The analysis indicates an increase in the forest area of the Homerka catchment by 18.14% and a decrease of cultivated land by 82.64%. The grasslands did not change significantly in their area, however, their spatial pattern was very dynamic related to their reduction due to forest expansion and enlargement due to cultivated land abandonment. The area of buildings revealed a continuous increase from 0.21% to 0.38%. The population density increased from 62 people/km2 in 1978 to 79 people/km2 in 2009, while the population dependent on agriculture decreased from 35% to below 20% in the same period. The trend remains one of forest transition where, after a period of deforestation, large areas of land marginally suitable for agriculture are abandoned and left to forest regeneration. However, the driving of the labour force from agriculture to other economic sectors is not accompanied by migration from rural to urban areas. ; 24 cm ; Agricultural land is declining in many mountainous regions of the world, often because political and economic changes make agriculture less profitable. This study compared the structure of land use in the Homerka catchment, an area of 19.3 km2 located in the West Polish Carpathians, using GIS techniques and cartographic materials between 1977 and 2009. This period covers the transformation of the Polish economy from a communist system to a free-market economy after 1989. The analysis indicates an increase in the forest area of the Homerka catchment by 18.14% and a decrease of cultivated land by 82.64%. The grasslands did not change significantly in their area, however, their spatial pattern was very dynamic related to their reduction due to forest expansion and enlargement due to cultivated land abandonment. The area of buildings revealed a continuous increase from 0.21% to 0.38%. The population density increased from 62 people/km2 in 1978 to 79 people/km2 in 2009, while the population dependent on agriculture decreased from 35% to below 20% in the same period. The trend remains one of forest transition where, after a period of deforestation, large areas of land marginally suitable for agriculture are abandoned and left to forest regeneration. However, the driving of the labour force from agriculture to other economic sectors is not accompanied by migration from rural to urban areas.