Suchergebnisse

By April 1949 Australia had ratified the ITO Charter, contingent on its being put into effect by the United States and the United Kingdom. Other countries were awaiting action by the United States, where President Truman was about to submit the Charter to the Congress for decision. With the acceptance of the Havana Charter by twenty countries necessary for the creation of ITO, Eric Wyndham White, Executive Secretary of the Interim Commission, stressed the importance of bringing ITO into being without delay. He described the organization as essentially a business-like approach towards the reduction of trade barriers and the expansion of trade on a multilateral, permanent basis.

The proliferation of international organizations is presently a hot issue. New international organizations have been created over the last few years, such as the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the World Trade Organization. At the same time a certain reluctance may be observed to create new organizations. Overlapping activities and conflicting competences occur frequently and the need for coordination is evident. The events in former Yugoslavia are an example. Both during the armed conflicts in Bosnia and Kosovo and afterwards in the era of reconstruction, the need to coordinate the work of organizations such as the UN, NATO, the EU, the World Bank, OSCE, and the Council of Europe was vital. Against this background a number of legal issues have become more important that have not yet been researched extensively, perhaps the only exception being the proliferation of international tribunals. Questions include the following: Why were new organizations created while others already existed in the same or a related field? What specific legal problems have arisen that are related to the coexistence of different organizations working (partly) in the same area? What mechanisms or instruments have been developed to coordinate the activities and to solve legal problems? These and other questions were discussed during a conference that took place from 18 to 20 November, 1999, in the Academy Building of Leiden University, The Netherlands. A large number of experts, both academics and practitioners, participated. The purpose of this book is to present the issues discussed during the Leiden conference to a larger audience. This book contains the adapted papers for the conference and several other contributions

This paper discusses the request from the Bosnia and Herzegovina authorities for a Stand-By Arrangement. The global financial and economic crisis hit Bosnia and Herzegovina when the overheating was already raising doubts about the sustainability of the economic expansion. The authorities' comprehensive financial sector strategy aims at strengthening the banking sector and improving crisis preparedness. IMF staff supports the authorities' plans to enhance the monitoring of financial stability by establishing a standing committee in charge of crisis prevention and management, and by signing a fo

The article studies the motivational issues of managerial staff in the context of ensuring the growth of enterprises and organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: Eurostat data have been used within the framework of the disclosure of the article. Such methods of economic analysis as generalization and comparison have been applied for processing statistical data. Findings: It has been established that in the countries of European Union, such as Great Britain, Spain, Germany, Poland and France, there is an acceptable, in particular high level of satisfaction of their own job by employed persons, including managerial employees (managers). It has been established, that timely identification and diagnosis of problematic situations that arise on the path of development and growth of enterprises and organizations substantially depends on the level of qualification and professionalism of the head, that is, the manager. Practical Implications: The results are interesting from the theoretical and practical aspects to be applied for the improvement of the motivation to employees, including managerial staff at the enterprises and organizations. Originality/Value: The insight of the article's subject matter requires an analysis of such key indicators as the occupational level, population's education index, individual level of the population's digital skills, the proportion of people who speak a foreign language, the proportion of people employed and at the same time are satisfied with their job. ; peer-reviewed

This article presents the evaluation of a staff exchange program between a US and a German non-profit social service agency. The program's 12-year history, challenges, and successes are presented. Focus group and in-depth interview findings include the following: (1) support from leadership and staff impacts sustainability, (2) development of collaboration principles is key for continued partnership, (3) financial input seems small when compared to outcomes, (4) traveling abroad and hosting fosters positive learning experiences, (5) agencies learned to better position themselves and increased their retention, and (6) themes among staff include observing, reflecting, and learning from each other. Suggestions for replication are made.

The seventh session of the International Labor Organization (ILO) Asian Advisory Committee was held in Geneva on November 7 and 8, 1955, under the chairmanship of Mr. Maung Maung (government member, Burma). The session was attended by eight government members, four employers' members, and three workers' members, and by observers from the UN and the Food and Agriculture Organization. The Committee agreed that increased credit facilities for agriculture in Asia would contribute to social and economic progress in the region and might also help to increase the volume of international trade; there was need for wide and repid international action to deal with the problem, and it was suggested that the provision of such credit might be assisted through expended activities on the part of existing international financial agencies. The Committee endorsed a resolution adopted at the fifth session of the Permanent Agricultural Committee concerning the scope and nature of ILO contributies to international programs of action for community organization and development, emphasizing that the ILO should take an active part in conferences, seminars and study groups as well as in technical assistance projects designed to promote community development, and should stress the community development approach within its own program of work. In considering ways of accelerating economic development in Asian countries, the Committee emphasized the need for increased capital investment by countries with capital surpluses, so as to ensure that an increase in the rate of capital formation did not encroach on the level of current consumption.

First Published in 1993, this is part of the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva series.This study which looks at whether scholars of international politics attempt to understand cooperative behavior in the light of the theories developed by the observers of both conflict and of cooperation. This volume expands the short list of such works and does so with insight, a wide range of scholarship and a willingness to test particular cases against existing theory. The author has written a book which expands the knowledge of, but also a thoughtful improvement of existing theoretical approaches. Uvin's universe of enquiry excludes military power and its application. It concentrates on the long-term, complex organization of cooperative transnational behavior and its rationale. Its focusses on functional issues involving world hunger, a haunting background and result, and perhaps even one cause, of the dreadful violence that characterizes our world even as the threat of catastrophic nuclear warfare has declined.

To provide a final solution to the problems of hundreds of thousands of refugees and persons displaced by the war and who still remain in the occupied zones of Europe, the International Refugee Organization was established by the United Nations. The General Assembly adopted the Constitution of the Organization on December 15 by a vote of 30 to 5, with 18 abstentions, and the agreement was opened for signature the following day.