Suchergebnisse

Machine Learning for Criminology and Crime Research reviews the roots of the intersection between machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, and research on crime, examines the current state of the art in this area of scholarly inquiry, and discusses future perspectives that may emerge from this relationship

Front Cover -- Practicing Forensic Criminology -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Introduction to the Practice of Forensic Criminology -- Introduction -- Goals and Objectives -- Roles of the Practicing Forensic Criminologist in the U.S. Court System -- Legal Backdrop and the Civil Litigation Process -- Heterogeneity of Roles and Tasks of Forensic Criminologists -- Criminalistics and Forensic Criminology -- Place, Time, and Environmental Criminology -- Plan of the Book -- Chapter 2: Criminology on Trial: Science, Law, and the Admissibility of Expert Testimony -- Introduction -- Adversary and Ally: Interactions of Law and Science in Expert Testimony -- Rules Regarding the Legal Admissibility of Expert Testimony -- Setting the Standards for Expert Testimony: The Significance of the Daubert Trilogy -- Lessons of the Daubert Trilogy -- Candor, Objectivity, and Ethics in Expert Testimony -- Conclusions: As Criminology Meets the Forensic Realm -- Chapter 3: Premises Liability for Negligent Security Litigation -- Introduction -- Establishing a Duty of Care: The Historical Development of Negligent Security Litigation -- Foreseeability Approaches to Negligent Security Claims -- Imminent Danger/Harm Test -- Prior Similar Incidents: History Is More Important Than Imminence -- Totality of Circumstances Test -- Balancing Test -- Breach of Duty and Standards of Care -- Causation: Cause-in-Fact and Proximate Causation -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Apartment Security I: Measuring and Analyzing Crime Foreseeability -- Introduction -- Home, Security, and Multifamily Housing -- Apartment Security and Crime Foreseeability -- Nature of the Neighborhood: Foreseeability of Crime by Place -- Collecting and Analyzing Crime Data -- National Law Enforcement Records -- Local Law Enforcement Records -- Additional Sources -- Other Considerations.

AbstractThis study addresses the current controversy involving radical criminology. It is argued that much of the polemic related to radical criminology is directed at a "straw man." a monolithic conception of the perspective that fails to consider important philosophical, theoretical, practical, and nominal dfferences among those who write radical criminology (i.e.p "radical criminologists"). Furthermore, although radical criminologists share many philosophical, theoretical, and practical assumptions, it is emphasized that they hold to these shared assumptions with dffering degrees of sensitivity, sophistication, andsubtlety a point often ignored by critics and enthusiasts alike. Consequently, this study explicates not only some of the shared assumptions of radical criminologists, but also some of the dfferences.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- PROLOGUE Jekylls and Hydes -- CHAPTER 1 Impostors and Incorrigible Rogues -- CHAPTER 2 Measuring the Criminal Body -- CHAPTER 3 Native Prints -- CHAPTER 4 Degenerate Fingerprints -- CHAPTER 5 Fingerprinting Foreigners -- CHAPTER 6 From Anthropometry to Dactyloscopy -- CHAPTER 7 Bloody Fingerprints and Brazen Experts -- CHAPTER 8 Dazzling Demonstrations and Easy Assumptions -- CHAPTER 9 Identification at a Distance -- CHAPTER 10 Digital Digits -- CHAPTER 11 Fraud, Fabrication, and False Positives -- CHAPTER 12 The Genetic Age -- EPILOGUE Bodily Identities -- NOTES -- Credits -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction -- PART I. Smuggling in the Drug War Zone -- Introduction: Drug Trafficking—Studies and Sources Relevant to the Mexican-American Drug War Zone -- La Nacha: The Heroin Queen of Juárez -- The Roots of Contraband Smuggling in El Paso -- Female Drug Lord -- Community-Based Drug Use, Smuggling, and Dealing in the 1970s and 1980s -- Selling Drugs in Downtown Juárez: Juan and Jorge -- A Young Smuggler and His Family -- Blaxicans: The Life of a Chicano Smuggler and Musician on the Borderline of African American and Mexican American Culture -- Drug Addiction and Drug Trafficking in the Life of an Anarchist -- Drug Smuggling through Tunnels: The Tale of a Scuba-Diving Instructor -- Witness to a Juárez Drug Killing -- PART II. Law Enforcement in the Drug War Zone -- Introduction: Ethnographic Dimensions of Law Enforcement in the Drug War Zone -- Undercover Agent on the Border: Cultural Disguises -- The Death of Francisco -- A Juárez Policeman Fighting Drug Traffickers -- Journalism and Drug Trafficking: Covering the Narco Beat on the Border -- Patrolling the Drug War Zone: A Border Patrol Agent in the War on Drugs -- Intelligence and the Drug War: Commander of an Antidrug Task Force on the Border -- Excerpt from Weed: Adventures of a Dope Smuggler, by Jerry Kamstra -- Agent against Prohibition -- Epilogue and Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index

Described by the National Crime Agency as a 'significant threat', county lines involve gangs recruiting vulnerable youth to sell drugs in provincial areas. This phenomenon has impacted local drug markets, increasing criminal activity and violence. Exploring how county lines evolve, Harding reveals extensive criminal exploitation and control in the daily 'grind' to sell drugs. Drawing upon extensive interviews and case studies, this timely book gives voice to users and dealers, providing an in-depth analysis of techniques, relationships and 'trapping'. With county lines now a critical issue for policing and government, this is an invaluable contribution to literature on gangs, youth violence and drugs

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction: Youth Crime and Youth Justice -- 2. Why Have a Separate Youth Justice System? -- 3. The Youth Justice System and Very Young Children -- 4. The Nature of Youth Crime -- 5. Youth Crime, Special Issues: Gangs, Schools, and Recidivists -- 6. Trends in Youth Crime: Has Youth Crime Increased in the Past Few Years? -- 7. Getting the Case to Court -- 8. Transfers to Adult Court: Treating Children as Adults -- 9. Sentencing of Youths -- 10. The Impact of Custody -- 11. Conclusion: How Do We Best Approach the Problem of Youth Crime? -- References -- Index

Integral to sexual abuse survivors' healing is understanding the nature of their abuse. Drawing on interviews, this book gives a voice to survivors and illuminates how restorative justice processes can meet their justice needs. With a unique focus on the people around the survivor rather than on the abuser, it addresses the harm caused to survivors by those who enable their abuse, who fail to protect them, or fail to believe them. Marinari offers radical solutions for the development of restorative justice programs and policy initiatives, including practical guidelines for practitioners, and new directions for academic research

Sex offending, and in particular child sex offending, is a complex area for policy makers, theorists and practitioners. A focus on punishment has reinforced sex offending as a problem that is essentially 'other' to society and discourages engagement with the real scale and scope of sexual offending in the UK. This book looks at the growth of work with sex offenders, questioning assumptions about the range and types of such offenders and what effective responses to these might be. Divided into four sections, this book sets out the growth of a broad legislative context and the emergenc

Arizona's controversial new immigration bill is just the latest of many steps in the new criminalization of immigrants. While many cite the presumed criminality of illegal aliens as an excuse for ever-harsher immigration policies, it has in fact been well-established that immigrants commit less crime, and in particular less violent crime, than the native-born and that their presence in communities is not associated with higher crime rates. Punishing Immigrants moves beyond debunking the presumed crime and immigration linkage, broadening the focus to encompass issues relevant to law and society, immigration and refugee policy, and victimization, as well as crime. The original essays in this volume uncover and identify the unanticipated and hidden consequences of immigration policies and practices here and abroad at a time when immigration to the U.S. is near an all-time high. Ultimately, Punishing Immigrants illuminates the nuanced and layered realities of immigrants' lives, describing the varying complexities surrounding immigration, crime, law, and victimization.Podcast: Susan Bibler Coutin, on the process and effects of deportation —Listen here

The original essays in this much-needed collection broadly assess the contemporary patterns of crime as related to immigration, race, and ethnicity. Immigration and Crime covers both a variety of immigrant groups--mainly from Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America--and a variety of topics including: victimization, racial conflict, juvenile delinquency, exposure to violence, homicide, drugs, gangs, and border violence.The volume provides important insights about past understandings of immigration and crime, many based on theories that have proven to be untrue or racially biased, as well as offering new scholarship on salient topics. Overall, the contributors argue that fears of immigrant crime are largely unfounded, as immigrants are themselves often more likely to be the victims of discrimination, stigmatization, and crime rather than the perpetrators.Contributors: Avraham Astor, Carl L. Bankston III, Robert J. Bursik, Jr., Roberto G. Gonzales, Sang Hea Kil, Golnaz Komaie, Jennifer Lee, Matthew T. Lee, Ramiro Martínez, Jr., Cecilia Menjívar, Jeffrey D. Morenoff, Charlie V. Morgan, Amie L. Nielsen, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Rosaura Tafoya-Estrada, Abel Valenzuela, Jr., Min Zhou

Reflections are offered on the current state of criminology, focusing on reasons why the discipline has achieved so little progress in understanding & controlling crime. A brief history of criminology, beginning with its origins in Cesare Lombroso's (1912) Darwinian theory, is given, arguing that all "advances" in criminological theory in the last century -- eg, James Q. Wilson's & Richard Herrnstein's sociobiological approach (1985) -- have not gone much beyond Lombroso's theory. Reasons for the crisis in criminology include: lack of adequate data & funding, the "publish/perish" syndrome in academia, the overuse of quantitative methods, & a general theoretical poverty. Various solutions to the crisis in criminology are discussed, & it is concluded that criminology has failed mainly because the philosophical issues that it addresses do not lend themselves to the scientific method. W. Howard

Presents an outline of major perspectives and traditions that are found in criminology. This book includes such topics as Anomie theory; Classical criminology; Critical criminology; Labeling theory; Positivism; Post-modernism; and, Subcultural theory. It is suitable for those in the field of criminology