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India's strategic and nuclear-weapon behaviour is driven by legitimate security concerns, national prestige and technical and scientific lobbies. An Indo-US strategic relationship cannot be established without addressing these issues. This paper argues that the challenge facing Washington and New Delhi is to find an innovative approach to proliferation that meets India's concerns. Security concerns could be satisfied by providing India with access to high-technology conventional weaponry or recognising New Delhi's nascent nuclear-deterrence capability as an interim measure, with abolition of nuclear weapons the ultimate objective. To address the prestige issue, nuclear capabilities could be replaced by an equally powerful symbol, such as a vibrant economy or a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. India's nuclear and missile scientists must be offered other challenging options for their professional skills if the technical lobby is to be satisfied.

Both countries will have strong incentives to test the artificial balance established by the US and from which they are excluded. Each state, in the face of continued embargoes, may find the lure of weapons of mass destruction correspondingly increased.

China's Belt and Road Initiative studies how Beijing's ambitions as well as management and financing of the initiative have evolved since its launch in 2013. In addition, the volume reflects on the initiative's future following the coronavirus pandemic.

Strategic Survey 2021: The Annual Assessment of Geopolitics provides objective, in-depth analysis by leading experts of the events, actors and forces driving international relations. It is the indispensable guide for policymakers, business leaders, analysts and academics who need to understand the geopolitical and geo-economic trends shaping the global agenda in 2022 and beyond. Key features Comprehensive annual review of world affairs from the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the leading international research institute that provides objective analysis of military, geopolitical and geo-economic developments that could lead to conflict. Covers developments in all regions as well as emerging issues and trends not yet on most radars, and analyses the major themes and forces shaping each continent. Essays on a comprehensive range of global issues including vaccine diplomacy, digital conflict, Europe's emerging Asia-Pacific strategies, the rise of carbon neutrality, the prospects for Iran's nuclear programme, and the future of political Islam. Drivers of Strategic Change for major states: Verified, comparable data on state power that provides a rich and vivid guide to forces underlying geopolitical change. Data-rich graphics and maps that provide fresh insights into geopolitical change, and a timeline of the key events of 2020-21.

Strategic Survey 2020 The Annual Assessment of Geopolitics The worst pandemic in a century tested governments, strained societies and frayedinternational ties during the year to mid-2020. But there was much more to this periodthan COVID-19. Climate change - another severe global challenge - grew more critical. USPresident Donald Trump was impeached, the United Kingdom left the European Union, andIranian Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani was killed. Strategic Survey 2020 provides a comprehensive overview of major developments in everyregion of the world, and in-depth analysis of key geopolitical and geo-economic issues: War The US-Taliban agreement to end the United States' longest war; the persistence ofother complex armed conflicts. Power China's growing influence, especially in Europe and the South Pacific; Turkey's forceprojection in the Middle East and beyond; the EU's quest for strategic autonomy; thenew geopolitics of the Red Sea; the implications of Ethiopia's giant dam for relationsbetween Nile states; the increasing use of economic sanctions as a tool of statecraft. Rules The decline of multilateralism; prospects for arms control; key gaps in internationallaw; Central Asia's connectivity; changes in the status of Jammu and Kashmir; duallegitimacy in Venezuela. Strategic Survey 2020 also assesses a diverse range of political leaders: Progress of three ambitious reforming presidents: Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa,Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine and Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador of Mexico. Foreign-policy legacies of two veteran leaders: Angela Merkel and Abe Shinzo. Trump's challenges to both the transatlantic relationship and China. Evolution of and prospects for Vladimir Putin's presidency. Strategic Survey 2020 is the indispensable guide to the events, actors and forces that de nedan exceptionally complex year. It highlights the geopolitical issues that will shape theinternational agenda in 2021.

"This Adelphi book reaches back to episodes of US-Soviet cooperation on nuclear non-proliferation to idenfify factors that permitted successful joint action, even in circumstances of profound geopolitical rivalry. It includes essays on the collaboration that prevented South Africa from conducting a nuclear-weapon test in 1977; Cold War era discussions on peaceful nuclear explosions and the developments that led from the Limited Test-Ban Treaty to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty, or NPT); negotiating and sustaining the NPT; the establishment of the London Club and nuclear-export controls; bolstering IAEA safeguards; and negotiating the draft Radiological Weapons Convention." -- from back cover

1. Cold peace -- 2. Contestation entrenched -- 3. Breaking point -- 4. The negative sum game and how to move past it