Suchergebnisse

Onderzoek naar de interbancaire markt van Pakistan Muhammad Omer onderzocht de ongedekte rentepariteit (UIP) en overtollige liquiditeit in de interbancaire markt van Pakistan.

Critical and scientific realism have emerged as important perspectives on international relations in recent years. The attraction of these approaches lies in the claim that they can transcend the positivism vs postpositivism divide and offer solid foundations for new developments in international relations theory. This is the first book that brings together authors working within this perspective. It provides both an accessible introduction and detailed elaboration of scientific realist ideas. In doing so, it aims to demonstrate the vitality of this approach and the difference that 'realism' makes.

Preliminary Material /Roberta Arnold and Noëlle Quénivet -- Introduction the History of the Relationship between International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law /Noëlle Quénivet -- Chapter I. Fundamental Standards of Humanity: a CommonLanguage of International Humanitarian Law andHuman Rights Law /Marco Odello -- Chapter II. End Justifi Es the Means? Post 9/11 Contempt for Humane Treatment /Agnieszka Jachec-Neale -- Chapter III. Legal Conclusion or Interpretative Process? Lex Specialis and the Applicability of International Human Rights Standards /Conor McCarthy -- Chapter IV. Legal Reasoning and the Applicability of International Human Rights Standards During Military Occupation /Conor McCarthy -- Chapter V. Triggering State Obligations Extraterritorially: the Spatial Test in Certain Human Rights Treaties /Ralph Wilde -- Chapter VI. DRC volume Uganda: Th E Applicability of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law in Occupied Territories /Tom Ruys and Sten Verhoeven -- Chapter VII. Individuals as Subjects of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law /Cátia Lopes and Noëlle Quénivet -- Chapter VIII. Concurrent Application of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law: a Victim Perspective /Jean-Marie Henckaerts -- Chapter IX. The Implementation of International Humanitarian Law by Human Rights Courts: the Example of the Inter-American Human Rights System /Emiliano J. Buis -- Chapter X. Collateral Damages of Military Operations: Is Implementation of International Humanitarian Law Possible Using International Human Rights Law Tools? /Giovanni Carlo Bruno -- Chapter XI. The Role of the UN Security Council in Implementing International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law /Gregor Schotten and Anke Biehler -- Chapter XII. The Right to Life in International HumanitariaLaw and Human Rights Law /Nolle Qunivet -- Chapter XIII. Protection of Women in International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law /Anke Biehler -- Chapter XIV. Protection of Children in International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law /Vesselin Popovski -- Chapter XV. Unaccompanied Minors and the Right to Family Reunifi Cation in International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law: the Iraqi Experience /Kyriaki Topidi -- Chapter XVI. Crossing Legal Borders: the Interface between Refugee Law, Human Rights Law and Humanitarian Law in the International Protection of Refugees /Alice Edwards -- Chapter XVII. Fair Trial Guarantees in Occupied Territory the Interplay between International Humanitarian Lawand Human Rights Law /Yutaka Arai-Takahashi -- Chapter XVIII. Terrorism in International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law /Roberta Arnold -- Chapter XIX. Judging Justice: Laws of War, Human Rights, and the Military Commissions Act of 2006 /Christian M. De Vos -- Chapter XX. Targeted Killings and International Law: Law Enforcement, Self-defense, and Armed Conflict /Michael N. Schmitt -- Chapter XXI. Implementing the Concept of Protection of Civilians in the Light of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law: the Case of MONUC /Katarina Mansson -- Conclusions /Roberta Arnold and Noëlle Quénivet -- Index /Roberta Arnold and Noëlle Quénivet.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: The Study of Gender, Diplomacy and Negotiation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Diplomacy and Negotiation in Transition -- 1.3 State-of-the-Art in the Study of Diplomacy and Negotiation -- 1.4 In Theory: Gender, Diplomacy and Negotiation -- 1.5 Outline of the Book -- Notes -- References -- Part I: Gender in the Foreign Service -- Chapter 2: Where Are the Female Ambassadors? Gender and Status Hierarchies in Ambassador Postings -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Design and Data -- 2.3 Male and Female Ambassadors-an Overview -- 2.4 Economic Status and Ambassador Appointments -- 2.5 Military Status and Ambassador Appointments -- 2.6 Summary -- 2.7 Conclusion -- 2.8 Appendix -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3: The Taking of Foggy Bottom? Representation in US Diplomacy -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Early Developments in the Department of State, 1920s-1960s -- 3.3 Challenging Discrimination in the State Department -- 3.4 Substantive and Numerical Representation, 1980s-Present -- 3.4.1 Conservative Politics of the 1980s -- 3.4.2 Feminist Diplomacy in the Clinton Years -- 3.4.3 The George W. Bush Era -- 3.4.4 The Obama Years -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4: The Swedish MFA: Ready to Live Up to Expectations? -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Introducing the Swedish MFA -- 4.2.1 The Organisational Structure -- 4.2.2 The Composition of Staff -- 4.2.3 Women Enter the MFA -- 4.3 Analysing Gender Equality at the Swedish MFA -- 4.3.1 Women and Men at Leading Positions -- 4.3.2 Tasks Performed by Women and Men -- 4.3.3 Functions Performed by Women and Men -- 4.4 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5: Women and Gender in Turkish Diplomacy: Historical Legacies and Current Patterns -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Evolving Role and Position of Women in Ottoman/Turkish Diplomacy

SummaryAnecdotal evidence suggests that people migrate to avoid air pollution. In this paper, we empirically examine the extent to which air pollution is a push factor for international migration. We allow air pollution to affect migrants differently according to their educational attainment as well as their gender. We also instrument for the level of pollution. Results generally show that air pollution is positively associated with emigration for higher educated individuals but less so for those with less educational attainment. Gender differences are less pronounced.