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AbstractHistorians have often described early-twentieth-century Japanese Buddhists as ignorant of the importance of religious freedom, myopically focused on their parochial agendas, and sycophantically aligned with the state. Such depictions assume that the attitudes of a minority of elite Buddhist clerics represent majority Buddhist opinion; they also problematically treat religious freedom as a universal principle rather than a historically contingent concept subject to the conflicting claims of competing interest groups. This article highlights the contingency of religious freedom law and the diversity of its interpretation by introducing three discrete attitudes that surfaced in Buddhist responses to a controversial Bill advanced by the Japanese government in December 1899. Tracing differences between statist, corporatist, and latitudinarian interpretations of religious freedom, it shows that religious freedom is never unitary or uniform in any time or place.

The preponderance of Native American histories of the Old Northwest traditionally have examined macro-regional trends, particularly those related to warfare, trade, and the attrition of indigenous sovereignty in the face of European/American expansion. A number of recent studies have begun to dig deeper into the details of indigenous life in the region, but usually in the context of Indian Removal. This study attempts to shift the focus to a microhistorical examination of a single indigenous community, the Wyandot people in the Sandusky River region in modern northwest Ohio. I argue that training the analytical lens on the Wyandots reveals a much more complicated history than most existing studies have considered, especially after the War of 1812 (when most studies tend to end with the collapse of effective military resistance to American expansion). This study reveals a community in the midst of tremendous cultural changes, especially in regards to questions of religious adherence/identity, economic change, social structural changes, and perceptions of the importance of race and cultural identity. This dissertation considers these changes, especially the linkages (and non-linkages) between these varieties of social and religious change. Most importantly, this study seeks to recover both the complex lives of the Ohio Wyandots and the human agency they exercised in the roughly fifty years between the signing of the Treaty of Greenville and the removal of the bulk of the Wyandots in 1843. Framed within the legacies of both historical studies of missions and studies of contemporary indigenous communities, this dissertation places the Wyandot story into a broader context of Native American history, with important lessons about the complex nature of religious and societal changes. Through the evidence examined in the case of the Ohio Wyandots, it also asks historians to further question dominant assumptions about indigenous cultural change, such as the perceived links between religious conversion, economic adaptation, and racial identities.

En este artículo trabajaremos sobre la presencia de agentes religiosos expertos en bioética en comités de hospitales públicos y su intervención en casos de solicitud de acceso al aborto legal. En primer lugar realizaremos una descripción general del contexto de los casos de aborto no punible en la Argentina, resaltando que en la mayoría de los casos las creencias religiosas de los expertos suelen influir y condicionar las decisiones de las mujeres. Luego, pondremos el foco en la discusión dentro de un comité sobre un caso particular, el de una joven discapacitada que solicitó un aborto luego de un abuso sexual y que luego de atravesar un largo camino de judicialización y evaluaciones de comités de expertos, no logró interrumpir su embarazo. Este caso ilustra cómo las creencias religiosas influencian la toma de decisiones en el área de la salud pública y cómo se consolida la presencia de agentes religiosos expertos en bioética como una estrategia para influenciar los espacios públicos de la Iglesia Católica en la Argentina