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The article discusses V.S. Solovyov's influence on the reflections of M.O. Gershenzon in 1910–1920s about progress, personality, crisis of culture and war. The article affirms the thematic continuity of the views of the two thinkers and the conviction of M.O. Gershenzon in the key position of personality in the development of historical processes. It is emphasized that personality is a reference point in the coordinate system that builds the idea of progress in M.O. Gershenzon's works. It is noted that the crisis of culture and the war are stages on the path of progress that neglects the personal, namely: the progress of abstract, highly specialized scientific knowledge in which the individual is alienated. The cultural heritage, which is not claimed by the individual as a single consciousness and therefore not assimilated by modern man, has become just a value that does not meet an individual request, turns 'mystery' into 'religion', an object of personal spiritual comprehension into obligatory ritual that alienates a person from action, the meaning of which is lost. Between Solovyov's "mystery of progress" and Gershenzon's "religion of progress" an entire epoch passes away, in which, as it seemed, war is no longer possible, but finally the war sweeps away the achievements of civilization with a fiery whirlwind. All the consequences M.O. Gershenzon's statement that the main reason for this process is the loss of the individual (including personal search for truth), its transformation into a value in culture, are analyzed in the article. It is concluded that the World War I undermined faith in progress as a multiplication of values in culture; it was comprehended as a consequence of the violation of the organic "complexity of a whole life", the alienation of a value that was personal in origin.

"Quaderni eretici" è una rivista on line ed open access, con periodicità annuale, che costituisce sin dal 2013 parte integrante del progetto Ereticopedia. In quanto tale, la rivista condivide il comitato scientifico e il comitato di redazione con il Dizionario di eretici, dissidenti e inquisitori nel mondo mediterraneo (per maggiori dettagli si rinvia alla pagina Credits del sito). N° 8 / 2020 FASCICOLO 1: POLITICA, CULTURA, RELIGIONE (ITALIA, ETÀ MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA) Daniele Santarelli, Domizia Weber, Comunicare la storia del dissenso mediterraneo attraverso un network di Digital Humanists: il progetto Ereticopedia e il suo percorso Domizia Weber, Ferite dell'anima e ferite del corpo: la medicalizzazione della confessione in età moderna Mauro Fasan, Benandanti e streghe nel Friuli del Seicento. Un caso ad Annone Veneto Vincenzo Vozza, Su alcune lettere di Stefania Omboni a Sibilla Aleramo (1901-1915). Donne moderne tra stampa emancipazionista, attivismo politico e aspirazioni profetiche Armando Pepe, Complotti, intrighi e trame oscure nella rete di monsignor Umberto Benigni (1918-1934) [versione HTML]

This two volume work examines the role of spiritual and religious traditions as a balancing force during times of crisis in organizational settings. Elucidating the varied ways in which spiritual/religious traditions provide new ways of coping in unprecedented times, the chapters provide an integrative review and critical analysis of recent research in the field. Bringing together an extraordinary compendium of religious/ spiritual traditions through a combination of Eastern and Western approaches, this comprehensive work provides a new perspective and highlights alternative mechanisms to deal with current socio-economic dilemmas and workplace crisis facing humanity. Weaving together various strands in a systematic manner, Volume 1 focuses on the faith traditions and practices including Hinduism Sikhism, Quakerism, Catholicism, Presbyterianism, Abraham religions, while Volume 2 focuses on spiritual traditions including Buddhism and Confucianism. Within the chapters of Volume 1, the authors offer critical explorations of a wide range of topics ranging from crisis management, community responses to Covid-19, environmental degradation and inclusive economic growth. Mai C. Vu is a Senior lecturer in Leadership and Management at Northumbria University, UK. She publishes regularly in the Journal of Business Ethics, Management Learning, Journal of Management Inquiry, European Management Review, Journal of Business Research, and the International Journal of Human Resource Management. Nadia Singh is a Senior Lecturer in Economics at Northumbria University, UK and is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy of UK. She has published her work in journals such as the World Development, Journal of Development Studies and Gender, Work and Organisation. Nicholas Burton is an Associate Professor in Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Strategy, at Northumbria University, UK. He has published in the Journal of Business Ethics, Management Learning, Journal of Management History, Review of Managerial Science, Management Learning, and Strategic Change. Irene Chu is an Associate Professor in International Business, at the University of Bradford, UK. She has published in the Journal of Business Ethics, British Journal of Management, and Research in International Business and Finance.

This paper analyzes how the issue of multicultural citizenship and civil religion has been practiced and debated in Indonesia from political perspective. The writer argues that multicultural citizenship is closely associated with civil religion, in the sense that the latter is the way to objectify and strengthen the earlier. The problem is that the more civil religion is routinized and objectified in daily life, the less the sense of the sacred is. As soon as religion has widely been practiced by members of the society, it soon becomes secular, losing its religious sense since it entangles with local culture. Therefore, objectifying and mainstreaming civic religion must be accompanied by keeping its religious arguments in order to give the civil religion sense of the sacred. As a multicultural country, Indonesia has long acknowledged multicultural citizenship. Sociologically speaking, each Indonesian citizen can live side by side regardless his/her socio-religious background without any discrimination. Indonesian constitution (UUD 1945) clearly states that everyone is equal before the law. Nevertheless, Indonesia's multicultural citizenship soon becomes at stake, especially when political and economic factors interfere into the public sphere.

This essay explores Islamic marketing at the intersection of global capitalism and global Islam and argues that Islamic marketing is one case in point that global capitalism lives and thrives with religions rather than replace them. I review briefly the global rise of religions and the different accounts of that resurgence and point to the political nature of religions. Besides politics, the global search for community bolsters the value of religion and the opportunity for Islamic marketing. Given the multiplicity of capitalisms and the embeddedness of marketing in the nexus of global markets, religions, and politics, I suggest that the emergent arena of Islamic marketing is ripe for studies grounded in the particular context and history as well as in recent social theory. Research can potentially generate theory about markets and marketing if and only if marketing scholars regard the phenomena of Islamic marketing as part and parcel of the logics of the market, capitalism, and globalization and examine the locally specific links among religion (and communality), markets, and politics. Critical ethnography and political economy analyses are some of the promising approaches for that end.

For many decades, Buddhism in the West has been conceived as an 'other-worldly' religion with very little or –at least—limited authority in the public arena. This partial view of the Buddhist path overlooks the potential of Buddhism to interpret reality and help establish new causes and conditions to improve it. This thesis is rooted in Buddhism and seeks to develop a Buddhist theology in order to understand how international relations, as part of the contingent reality, are subject to change. Thus there is the possibility of reconstructing reality through the sum of individual will expressed in social groups, institutions and states. This Theology of International Relations follows a methodology of causality rooted in the dependent origination found in Buddhist theology. Thus, relative reality is conceived as the result of the interaction of different causes and conditions; individuals, through their thoughts and actions, provide new conditions which will be crystallized in particular social arrangements through an inter-subjective consensus. This arrangement is highly influenced by the individual's allegiance with the sacred, however this is conceived, and thus establishes an ethical guideline in the individual's relationship with other sentient beings and the ultimate level of existence. This dependent construction of reality goes from the individual level of analysis to the social, state, interstate and global levels in a chain of contingent reality. Therefore I suggest that states, institutions and society are the reflection of shared ideas, beliefs, goals and perceptions of reality between individuals. The human capacity to shape reality is rooted in the premise that they face a relative reality, one that is contingent on several causes and conditions. In Buddhism, all sentient beings play a key role in shaping reality but human beings play a unique role because they can overcome suffering when they recognize the interdependent relation of causes and conditions in a relative reality. If this is achieved, then absolute reality can be experienced, wherein the individual goes beyond all conceptions and senses in a state of emptiness of the self. These core ideas of a contingent reality, its construction through an inter-subjective consensus and the need to experience an absolute reality are premises which Buddhist theology developed and which this thesis explores. In chapter one this thesis considers the basis of Buddhist theology and how it explains the experience of the sacred, the role of religion and the potential for the construction of a relative reality. This thesis argues that religion is at the core of human existence as a vessel of faith which follows a particular theological path toward a communion with the divine. The Buddhist path, aware of the interaction of different levels of reality—relative and absolute—also conceives inner development and social change as key elements of an interdependent transformation. The idea of 'world peace through inner peace' is one advocated by 'engaged Buddhists' and found in the ethical code of Buddha's message. Chapter two examines how international relations became the arena where individuals, institutions and states converge and reflect the basic premises of their world-views, whether rooted in anger, hatred and ignorance of the interdependent nature of all phenomena, or based in compassion and awareness of a shared common good. In addition, it addresses the issue of the resurgence of religion in international relations and how it is present or absent from political science theories and policy making. Through this analysis, several established elements such as the concept of the state, secularism and religion as a source of war, are challenged in a new era of multi-agency and mutual influence through religious ideas, groups and communities. Following this inter-subjective construction of the world, the thesis presents two case studies which argue that religious leaders exercise political influence through their actions, ideas and beliefs. The first is the life and works of Tenzin Gyatso, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama in chapter three and the second is the life of Archbishop Desmond Tutu in chapter four. The former having suffered the violent occupation of Tibet and the continuous attacks on Tibetan culture that led him into exile, and the latter having faced the policies of hatred under apartheid, the Dalai Lama and Tutu managed to suggest a world where forgiveness is rooted in compassion and were human beings share the responsibility of creating a compassionate reality. The final chapter develops a new approach to the study of religion and politics providing new variables of study and new categories to understand how international relations are influenced by religious ideas and movements. This thesis argues that there is a need to study and understand this interdependent relation between religious and secular actors through theoretical approaches in international relations and opens the discipline to new paradigms such as the Buddhist theological approach. The outcome of this partnership depends on the individual's decision to engage, whether in negative causation that leads to violence, fear, terror and the perpetuation of suffering or in a positive one which opens the possibility of peace and liberation from suffering through compassion, forgiveness and reconciliation, recognizing our common humanity and shared universal responsibility.

Abstract
We studied the acculturation processes of Syrian refugees in the Netherlands, based on semi-structured in-depth interviews. The study aims to investigate how Syrian refugees perceive the cultural distance caused by the differences and boundaries between Syrian and Dutch culture; how they cope with the boundaries and prejudice that they perceive; and which acculturation orientations they prefer. The research builds mainly on the framework of Berry's acculturation model. Religion emerges as a prominent issue in the acculturation process and is found to impact acculturation as it is perceived to be a cause of cultural distance, a salient social identity, a bright boundary and a source of prejudice in the host country. Our findings suggest that refugees' religious identity strongly influences their coping strategies and preferred acculturation orientations. Refugees with low/no religious affiliation were more in favour of an assimilation orientation whereas refugees with strong religious identity preferred an integration orientation.