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Objectives<i>This paper sets out to identify the key elements of Polish social structure that are critical to the manpower of the Polish Armed Forces. So far, there has been little discussion, in either the literature or ongoing public polemics, regarding the dependence of the Armed Forces on the shape of the social structure in the context of ensuring state security.</i>Methods<i>This work is predominantly based on the analysis of available literature: scientific articles, legal acts and the results from the survey research conducted by specialised institutions, in particular, Polish Central Statistical Office.</i>Results<i>On the basis of the presented analysis, it appears that it is the current Polish social structure that constitutes the major problem in the context of the insufficient personnel numbers in the Polish Armed Forces. The present state is below the expectations and needs of the Polish Army, mainly due to the lack of young people with special technical education. The earnings in the private sector by far outweigh the remuneration levels offered in the military, which effectively deters young people from undertaking service for the benefit of state security.</i>On the basis of the presented analysis, it appears that it is the current Polish social structure that constitutes the major problem in the context of the insufficient personnel numbers in the Polish Armed Forces. The present state is below the expectations and needs of the Polish Army, mainly due to the lack of young people with special technical education. The earnings in the private sector by far outweigh the remuneration levels offered in the military, which effectively deters young people from undertaking service for the benefit of state security.Conclusions<i>The research material presented in this work reflects on the current state and the aggravation of the important social problem – deficiency of manpower in the Polish Armed Forces. It has been shown that apart from the financial background and the quantities of the personnel appointed to military service, it is its quality – in the aspect of special technical education – that is yet another crucial condition.</i>The research material presented in this work reflects on the current state and the aggravation of the important social problem – deficiency of manpower in the Polish Armed Forces. It has been shown that apart from the financial background and the quantities of the personnel appointed to military service, it is its quality – in the aspect of special technical education – that is yet another crucial condition.

Traditionally, security has been the realm of the state and its uniformed police. However, in the last two decades, many actors and agencies, including schools, clubs, housing corporations, hospitals, shopkeepers, insurers, energy suppliers and even private citizens, have enforced some form of security, effectively changing its delivery, and overall role. In The Securitization of Society, Marc Schuilenburg establishes a new critical perspective for examining the dynamic nature of security and its governance. Rooted in the works of the French philosophers Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze.

1. A Fourth Wave or a Fools' Errand? -- 2. Unravelling the Web of Equals -- 3. 'By Women, For Women, About Women': The Women's Liberation Movement as a Free Space -- 4. 'On the Internet, there is no Women-only space': Male Power in Digital Networks -- 5. 'I don't see any strategy really, I see more […] personal venting': Consciousness-Raising, Theory-Building and Activism in Digital Space -- 6. 'It just doesn't feel as transparent and accountable': Social Media and Feminist Ethics -- 7. 'Female Performers on a Male Stage'.

The papers given by the Soviet Delegation to the Second International Congress of the History of Science and Technology in London in 1931, headed by N.I. Bukharin, exerted a profound influence on Western historiography of science. Perhaps the most influential contribution was that of Hessen, who made a long and classical statement of Marxist historiography, taking Isaac Newton as his example. The collection, which appeared in Britain at the height of the Depression, fostered an acute social awareness and a heated debate among many working scientists. Accredited by some as ""the starting point.

AbstractWhile sociologists have paid a great deal of attention to how political elites matter for the emergence and development of social movements, they have focused less explicitly on how political elites matter for the culture of social movements. This essay reviews work that directly and indirectly addresses this relationship, showing how political elites matter for various aspects of movement culture, like collective identity and framing. It also reviews literature that suggests how movement culture comes to impact political elites. The essay concludes by drawing from very recent scholarship to argue that to best understand political elites and the culture of social movements, we need to think about culture and structure as intertwined and to understand how relations matters in the construction of meaning.

A partir de dados censitários, o artigo analisa a política habitacional de interesse social na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, entre 2000 e 1010. Os dados sobre os fluxos migratórios revelam que, embora essa região atraia maior número de migrantes no estado, já não é para a capital que se dirige a maioria. As cidades de São José dos Pinhais e Colombo, dotadas de menor infraestrutura, constituem o maior polo de atração. Com foco em habitação para famílias de baixa renda, o aluguel social em especial, são apresentadas as condições das unidades habitacionais, a infraestrutura disponível e os aspectos demográficos e socioeconômicos dos chefes de família. A leitura dos dados é contextualizada por uma recuperação histórica das políticas habitacionais promovidas pelo Estado desde a década de 1970. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Política habitacional. Locação social. Fluxos migratórios. Região Metropolitana.Curitiba.HOUSING POLICY AND SOCIAL RENT IN CURITIBA Tomás Antonio Moreira Based on census data, this article analyzes the social housing policy in the metropolitan area of Curitiba from 2000 to 2010. Data on migratory movements show that, although this region attracts the largest number of migrants in the state, the capital city is no longer the destination of the majority. With less infrastructure, São José dos Pinhais and Colombo are the cities attracting most migrants currently. The study focuses on housing for low-income families, particularly social rend, and presents the situation of housing units, the available infrastructure, and the demographic and socio-economic aspects household heads. Data interpretation is contextualized using a historical review of housing policies promoted by the state since the 1970's. KEYWORDS: Housing policy. Social rent. Migratory movements. Metropolitan area of Curitiba. POLITIQUE DU LOGEMENT ET LOGEMENTS SOCIAUX À CURITIBA Tomás Antonio Moreira À partir des données du recensement l'article fait l'analyse de la politique des logements sociax dans la Région Métropolitaine de Curitiba entre 2000 et 2010. Les données concernant les flux migratoires révèlent que bien que cette région attire un plus grand nombre de migrants au niveau de l'état, la majorité ne va cependant pas vers la capitale. Les villes de São José dos Pinhais et Colombo, dotées de moins d'infra-structures, constituent un pôle d'attraction plus important. En mettant l'accent sur l'habitat destiné aux familles ayant peu de revenus, sur le loyer social en particulier, on y présente les conditions qu'offrent les habitations, l'infra-structure existante et les aspects démographiques et socio-économiques des personnes de référence des ménages. La lecture des données est remise en contexte grâce à une récupération historique des politiques du logement promues par l'Etat depuis les années 1970. MOTS-CLÉS: Politique du logement. Logements sociaux. Flux migratoires. Région Métropolitaine.Curitiba. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

"Economic arrangements of Romanies are complexly related to their social position. Authors explore these complexities, including how economic exchanges forge key social relationships of gender and ethnicity, how economic opportunities are constructed and seized, and how economic success and failure are transformed into attributes of social persons. They explore how, despite -- or perhaps because of -- their unstable and ambiguous position within the market economy, shared today with a growing number of people facing precarity and informalisation, Roma and Gypsy communities continuously re-create more or less viable economic strategies. The ethnographically based chapters share accounts of socially and vulnerable populations that face their situation with self-determination and creativity"--Provided by publisher

En los últimos años se han producido cambios importantes en la política del agua en Europa. Uno de estos cambios se refiere al diseño de la política de precios, por lo que se establece que los precios de los servicios del agua han de servir como incentivo para mejorar la eficiencia en el uso del agua y así coadyuvar a la consecución de los objetivos ambientales que propugnan todas estas modificaciones. En España, la política de precios de los servicios del agua se encuentra condicionada por varios elementos: el marco legal de configuración de las tarifas, que presenta varias limitaciones respecto a las prácticas más eficaces; el entorno social, que plantea rechazos a incrementos en los precios del agua; y las circunstancias económicas de las familias, que limitan de alguna manera prácticas más progresivas en la tarificación. ; In the last years important changes have taken place in European water politics. One of them refers to the design of water prices. The water prices must be used as au incentive to improve the efficiency in water use and cooperate to attain the environmental objectives. In Spain, water price politics is conditioned by several elements: the legal framework of tariffs, that presents several limitations regarding the most effective practices; social aspects, with strong rejections to increase prices on water; and the economic the status of the families, that limits progressive practices in water prices.

Although many scholars agree that social interactions within traditional social groups build social capital, there is less consensus on the benefits of virtual interactions for political engagement. Our research examines how interpersonal social group activity and virtual activity contribute to two dimensions of social capital: citizen norms and political involvement. We rely on data collected in the 2005 Citizenship Involvement in Democracy survey conducted by the Center for Democracy and Civil Society at Georgetown University. This survey provides unique detail on participation in both social groups and virtual interactions. Our findings suggest that social group activity and virtual interactions both foster many of the same positive aspects of social capital. Adapted from the source document.

'In the commercial world consumer demand is constantly encouraged through advertising and by granting credit. New "needs" are created, old ones refashioned …. In contrast, those who may require the help of the personal social services, for instance the welfare and children's services, encounter little encouragement to use them, nor is there a ready flow of simple information about their nature and how they can be obtained …. We can and should encourage those who need help to seek it …. One single department concerned with most aspects of "welfare" as the public generally understands the term, is an essential first step in making services more easily accessible.'

This paper is not primarily concerned with asking how far Social Service Departments have tried or succeeded in stimulating demand. Instead it looks at some of the pre-requisites for drawing the general public into a wider and more effective use of the personal social services. To continue the Seebohm Committee's commercial analogy, it offers some basic market research. The Committee itself, like the Younghusband Committee a decade earlier, was 'regrettably, unable to sound consumer reaction to the services in any systematic way'.

The article presents the main recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the purpose and objectives of public service broadcasting. The purpose and objectives of the public service broadcasting are formulated in the Polish and Ukrainian perspectives based on Polish legislation, Ukrainian legislative initiatives and methodical recommendations. Key words: public service broadcasting, public mass media, public television and radio broadcasting, social broadcasting, social television and radio broadcasting, pur-pose, objectives. ; У статті проаналізовано основні рекомендації Комітету міністрів Ради Єв-ропи щодо мети та завдань громадського мовлення. На основі польського законо-давства, українських законодавчих ініціатив та методичних напрацювань сформу-льовано мету і завдання ГМ у польському та українському розумінні. Ключові слова: громадське мовлення, громадські медіа, громадське телера-діомовлення, ГМ, суспільне мовлення, суспільне телерадіомовлення, СМ, мета, за-вдання.