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Political decision-making means a country's political parties, leaders or leadership compare and select implementing principles and approaches and means to achieve the target in political practical activities for the purpose, principles and direction of activities. The process of political decision-making is a dynamic political process that is related to the formation and implementation of major and general decisions of the national, political and social interest groups. This process is to integrate major and general decisions regarding national and social interests. The subjects are state organs, political parties and individual decision makers or decision-making participants, and the finally formed decision is backed by the country's coercive power with mandatory features. Meanwhile, political decision-making is influenced by system pressure. In the decision-making process, there will be a certain degree of bias between the final decision and the targeted decision.

The concept of ecosystems services has become an important model for linking the functioning of ecosystems to human welfare benefits. Understanding this link is critical in decision-making contexts. While there have been several attempts to come up with a classification scheme for ecosystem services, there has not been an agreed upon, meaningful and consistent definition for ecosystem services. In this paper we offer a definition of ecosystem services that is likely to be operational for ecosystem service research and several classification schemes. We argue that any attempt at classifying ecosystem services should be based on both the characteristics of interest and a decision-context. Because of this there is not one classification scheme that will be adequate for the many context in which ecosystem service research may be utilized. We discuss several examples of how classification schemes will be a function of both ecosystem and ecosystem service characteristics and the decision-making context.

The wind energy industry is expanding in order to be able to meet the current and future energy demand, and is supported by governments in that renewable energy investment has been made. Optimal decision making (DM) in wind turbine manufacturing is required to guarantee the competitiveness of the business. This paper considers decision making for wind turbine manufacturing using a logical decision tree (LDT) and binary decision diagrams (BDD). A qualitative analysis of wind turbine manufacturing is carried out using logical decision trees. They are used for a qualitative study of the case study. Binary decision diagrams are used to obtain the Boolean function and, therefore, to carry out a quantitative analysis. Finally, an optimization of budgets is employed based on importance measures. There is no optimal method that can establish the importance measures. The following heuristic methods have been used to find a solution close to the optimal: Fussell-Vesely, Birnbaum and Criticality. The computational cost is reduced by ranking the events. The heuristic methods to establish the best rankings are: Top-Down-Left-Right, Level based method, AND based method, Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth First Search (DFS). A real case study is considered, in which a static and dynamic analysis is carried out.

Many people want to improve the governance of forest areas, yet what is considered good governance is not necessarily self-evident or agreed upon by everyone. This study demonstrates the diversity of views held by communities and government officials in Malinau, Indonesian Borneo about what they consider to be good governance. Each group described how they thought decisions about forests should be made, including how to represent interests, allocate land rights, distribute cash benefits from forests, share information and manage forests. Striking differences of opinion among villagers and officials suggest the need for more dialog and discussion about how to coordinate decision-making in Malinau. The results suggest a more general conclusion that defining "good governance" requires an understanding of local contexts and the participation of different groups in determining jointly held principles.

Introduction to Asset Management for Infrastructure -- Infrastructure Performance and Condition Assessment -- Future of Infrastructure -- Infrastructure Interventions -- Decision Support Systems for Infrastructure -- Emerging issues and new expectations.

"This book explores how managers use autocratic styles in eastern organizations so there is need to bring servant leadership in order to promote new leadership because person have to be servant first and priorities of employees are first objective of servant to serve then he/she become the leader"--

This book considers ethical decisions in the context of relationships, treatment, safety and quality of life. It draws on the experiences of family carers as well as on existing research and emphasizes the importance of empathy and the need to acknowledge different perspectives in order to reach the best decision for the person with dementia.