Suchergebnisse

Over the last nine years, the role of the national and international press in the Spanish political transition has been the subject of three consecutive research projects led by the Journalism Research Group at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona: i) the role of the international press and foreign correspondent corps stationed in Spain; ii) the national newspapers' standpoint on political developments at the time and iii) the explosion of the magazine market that accompanied the consolidation of parliamentary democracy. For the first time, this paper attempts to draw across-the-board conclusions based on the results of all three studies carried out by researchers from six universities from all over Spain. The paper analyses the projection of Spain's biggest international story since the Civil War in the international media arena while at the same time considering its effects on local and national press dynamics.

Red Gentlemen & White Savage,, a first book by David Nichols, is an overview of a very significant and complex subject: the formative era in Ameri­ can Indian policy. The years following the Ameri- can Revolution from 1783 to 1801 were bloody and unstable as thousands of settlers poured across the Appalachian Mountains. In the Old Northwest, a shifting alliance of Woodlands Indian groups, encour­ aged by the British traders still in their forts along the Great Lakes, per­ sistently opposed the settlers moving across the Ohio River in the 1780s and succeeded in winning important military victories in the early 1790s. In the old Southwest, Creeks and Cherokees sought aid from the Spanish in defense of their homelands. On the contested boundaries, both negotiation and force of arms were employed to attain physical and legal right to the soil. A prismatic cast of historical participants were engaged in this power struggle: Revolutionary war veterans with land warrants, land companies, land-speculating politicians, squatters, federal and state officials, Indian groups ranging from friendly to hos­ tile, and the British and Spanish governments. Wartime debt and wide­ spread opposition to enhancing federal power complicated the problem of establishing peace. U.S.-Indian relations, writes Nichols, were "anarchic" (p. 19).

Red Gentlemen & White Savage,, a first book by David Nichols, is an overview of a very significant and complex subject: the formative era in Ameri­ can Indian policy. The years following the Ameri- can Revolution from 1783 to 1801 were bloody and unstable as thousands of settlers poured across the Appalachian Mountains. In the Old Northwest, a shifting alliance of Woodlands Indian groups, encour­ aged by the British traders still in their forts along the Great Lakes, per­ sistently opposed the settlers moving across the Ohio River in the 1780s and succeeded in winning important military victories in the early 1790s. In the old Southwest, Creeks and Cherokees sought aid from the Spanish in defense of their homelands. On the contested boundaries, both negotiation and force of arms were employed to attain physical and legal right to the soil. A prismatic cast of historical participants were engaged in this power struggle: Revolutionary war veterans with land warrants, land companies, land-speculating politicians, squatters, federal and state officials, Indian groups ranging from friendly to hos­ tile, and the British and Spanish governments. Wartime debt and wide­ spread opposition to enhancing federal power complicated the problem of establishing peace. U.S.-Indian relations, writes Nichols, were "anarchic" (p. 19).

The recent Euskadi ta Alkartasuna (ETA) ceasefire declaration has been received with much interest and fanfare by the international media. The same announcement was met instead with a tangible lack of enthusiasm by Spanish and Basque political figures. The Spanish president Zapatero, the Basque president Lopez and Urkullu, the leader of the most voted Basque nationalist party (PNV), agreed that the communiqué was a 'step forward' but ultimately 'insufficient' and 'not the news the country had been hoping for'. Such mix of scepticism and disappointment is partly a product of the previous failed experience with the 2006 ETA truce. Months of painstakingly slow negotiations between ETA and government representatives were then shattered with a bomb attack at Madrid airport that killed two people. The outcome left the Zapatero's government frustrated and unwilling to get their fingers burnt again.

ABSTRACT
Fourierist utopianism really took root in nineteenth-century Spain. The original focal point in Cádiz had echoes in Cartagena, Granada, Madrid, and Valladolid. Apart from spreading Fourier's ideas, these Spanish Fourierists tried to set up several utopian communities (known as phalansteries) and published books and newspapers, in which—among other things—we find the first signs of feminism in the Spanish language. For all these reasons, Spanish Fourierism may be considered an important chapter in the history of utopian socialism. As it had to do with a drive for freedom and daring in thought, the movement could be very flexible and was capable of associating with other doctrines, such as romanticism, feminism, and spiritism. Whereas the most political branch of Spanish Fourierism is related to the Democratic Party, republicanism, and the roots of Marxist socialism (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, the Spanish Socialist Party, founded in 1879), the libertarian drive implicit in setting up utopian communities lived on in anarchism.

Appeal to the citizens of Gallegos, Spain, to maintain order and remain dignified, and to conserve Spanish customs in the face of Napoleon and his army. Possibly published Imprenta de Niños Expósitos, Buenos Aires, 1808

Discussion of the Spanish Constitution and an appeal to Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, 1st Count of Venadito, for the protection of the citizens of Santa Maria Tochtepec. Signed Miguel Wencéslao Gasca, Mariano Castro and others

Address to Spanish citizens by a Mexican author, in response to an article published in the supplement of the 'Noticioso general', 27 September 1820, commenting on liberalism in America, and defending a paper published in Spain concerning overseas deputies

Pamphlet presenting the advantages and disadvantages of the freedom of the press, following the proclamation of its establishment by the Spanish courts, with suggestions for ways to minimise the disadvantages. Possibly published Mexico City

Series of lessons defining, amongst others, Spain's constitution, territory, government, courts, monarchy, Council of State, judicial administration and army, as well as the civil rights of Spanish citizens, and their civil laws and obligations

Pamphlet announcing the Spanish defeat of the French army outside Segovia, following the French sacking of the city in 1808. Dated 12 Jan 1809. Followed by 'Extracto del suceso de la Isla de Santo Domingo'

Pamphlet written in response to the paper 'El amante de la constitucion', signed A. R., and the re-instated 1812 liberal Spanish Constitution. With an emphasis on the state religion of Catholicism. See also 9770.bb.1.(9)

Poem celebrating the military victories of Antonio Quiroga and the reinstatement of the Spanish Constitution. Followed by 'Añado estas inscripciones que hice para servir de explicacion á ciertas alegorias despuestas por un patriota amigo mio'

Reflections on the Spanish Constitution, religion and monarchy. Includes a reproduction of the twenty articles of the constitutional decree on the freedom of the press, followed by a poem beginning 'A todos y á ninguno.'

Response to the paper 'El Liberal á los bajos-escritores', which discusses the leadership of Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, 1st Count of Venadito, and commentary on the Spanish Constitution and monarchy. Dated 5 October 1820